Concepts and their Use for Modelling Objects and References in Programming Languages

In the paper a new programming construct, called concept, is introduced. Concept is pair of two classes: a reference class and an object class. Instances of the reference classes are passed-by-value and are intended to represent objects. Instances of the object class are passed-by-reference. An approach to programming where concepts are used instead of classes is called concept-oriented programming (CoP). In CoP objects are represented and accessed indirectly by means of references. The structure of concepts describes a hierarchical space with a virtual address system. The paper describes this new approach to programming including such mechanisms as reference resolution, complex references, method interception, dual methods, life-cycle management inheritance and polymorphism.Comment: 43 pages. Related papers: http://conceptoriented.com

Light emission by accelerated electric, toroidal and anapole dipolar sources

Emission of electromagnetic radiation by accelerated particles with electric, toroidal and anapole dipole moments is analyzed. It is shown that ellipticity of the emitted light can be used to differentiate between electric and toroidal dipole sources, and that anapoles, elementary neutral non-radiating configurations, which consist of electric and toroidal dipoles, can emit light under uniform acceleration. The existence of non-radiating configurations in electrodynamics implies that it is impossible to fully determine the internal makeup of the emitter given only the distribution of the emitted light. Here we demonstrate that there is a loop-hole in this `inverse source problem'. Our results imply that there may be a whole range of new phenomena to be discovered by studying the electromagnetic response of matter under acceleration.Comment: Change from previous version. Further corrections to figure 1. Much more calculations in the main paper. Added a section on ellipticit