The impact of migration on earnings of married men and women

This paper examines differences in the outcomes of moving between married and unmarried individuals. Even if Amigration would be optimal for the family, it can be sub-optimal for one of the spouses. Unattached individuals instead, simply maximise their own personal welfare, and thus they should benefit from moving. In addition, there might exist gender differences in the outcomes of moving, especially in the family context. Therefore, both genders are investigated. The consequences of migration are examined both in terms of income and employment. A very large data set is utilised, and many-sided estimation techniques are used.

Who move to rural areas? Micro Evidence from Finland

This study uses a large individual-level dataset to investigate rural in-migration. Two separate samples are used: one consists of migrants and non-migrants, while the other contains only migrants. Empirical analyses are carried out using multinomial logit and logit models. First, rural in-migrants and non-migrants are compared. The results show that in-migration to rural areas is selective, but partly in an atypical way. The age profile of rural in-migrants is unusual, as the probability of migration increases with age. Furthermore, a typical rural in-migrant is a pensioner and has a smaller than average income. It is also notable that, with respect to educational level or family relations, rural in-migrants do not differ from non-migrants. Space and related housing factors seem to be of importance in rural in-migration decisions. The study also examines differences between rural in-migrants and other migrants. In general, those moving to rural areas are older, have a lower educational level and a smaller income. Pensioners, couples and families with children are also more likely move to rural regions. However, differences emerge in relation to the distance of migration: short distance rural in-migrants are more likely to be couples with young children, while long distance rural in-migrants are more often pensioners and return-migrants.

Development of a paradigm for studying the effects of brief Goal Management Training with Implementation Intentions

Cognitive rehabilitation interventions such as Goal Management Training (GMT) and the Implementation Intentions strategy have been developed with the aim of improving prospective memory (PM) in everyday life. The aim of this study was to provide “proof of concept” for an experimental paradigm that could be used to evaluate the effects of Goal Management Implementation Intentions training (GMTii) derived from the principles of GMT and Implementation Intentions. Thirty adults were randomised to either GMTii or a control training condition. A computerised PM task that involved an ongoing task into which a PM task was embedded was completed pre-training and post-training. In addition, a novel yet similar PM task was completed post-training to assess generalisability of any effect. The two groups had similar overall performance pre-training. Post-training, the GMTii group demonstrated significantly better performance on the familiar computerised PM task showing less performance decay over time compared to the control group. The GMTii group also showed better performance on the novel task. The results demonstrated that brief GMTii significantly improved PM performance compared to control training and that computerised PM tasks were sensitive to this effect. The results suggest that this paradigm could be used to study the effects of metacognitive rehabilitation interventions

Cow welfare aspects in automatic milking systems

This paper deals with the aspects of cow welfare in automatic milking systems, using literature and observations from the Suitia research farm and the first Finnish private farms. The welfare of a cow is largely dependent on her stockperson, also in automatic milking systems. Cow traffic arrangements are decisive in the cow's welfare

What kind of employees become awarded as Employees of the Year in Finland?

Work is not simply about stress and fatigue; it can also be a great source of joy, satisfaction, and success. The aim of this research was to study the phenomenon of success at work: to identify of which elements success is constructed and what factors define the process of becoming a top worker. Finnish “Employees of the Year” (N = 24) were considered representative of successful workers because they have been awarded the title of “Employee of the Year” among and by their colleagues in different occupational fields. The focus of the research was on which factors participants named as sources of their success. On one hand, certain factors were identified that related to their own characteristics as workers and their way of working; on the other hand, some factors were related to how employees described satisfying work and well-functioning collaboration with colleagues. In the present article, the purpose is to focus on positive work experiences, such as experiencing joy from work and work engagement, and thus contribute to the discussion regarding the positive sides of work life today. In this research, success is defined as well-being at work rather than career-oriented behaviour. Positive psychology provides this interpretation of success at work.success at work, work engagement, joy of work, flow, positive psychology