Development of vibration mechanical stimuli loading device for live cell fluorescence microscopy

Bone metabolism is regulated by mechanical stimuli such as gravity and exercise. If bone formation can be promoted by artificial mechanical stimulation, the quality of life of the aging society can be improved, such as by reducing the progression of osteoporosis and preventing patients from being bedridden. Micro-vibration stimulation with frequencies of 15 Hz to 90 Hz and acceleration amplitudes of 0.1 g to 0.3 g is effectively promotes bone formation in animal models. However, the mechanism of how these weak vibrations are sensed by bone cells and are used to regulate bone metabolism is unknown. In this study, we developed a device to apply micro-vibration stimuli to osteoblasts cultured on a glass bottom dish and observed the cell response to the stimuli using a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope. The device performance was confirmed using driving tests, and the calcium signaling response of osteoblasts to micro-vibration stimuli was observed in real time and in situ. The calcium signaling response characteristics of the cells differed when the cells were subjected to 45 Hz and 90 Hz micro-vibration stimuli, even under a constant acceleration amplitude of 0.2 g

Detecting Android Malware by Analyzing Manifest Files

The threat of Android malware has increased owing to the increasingpopularity of smartphones. Once an Android smartphone is infected with malware, theuser suffers from various damages, such as the theft of personal information stored in thesmartphones, the unintentional sending of short messages to premium-rate numberswithout the user’s knowledge, and the ability for the infected smartphones to be remotelyoperated and used for other malicious attacks. However, there are currently insufficientdefense mechanisms against Android malware. This study proposes a new method todetect Android malware. The new method analyzes only manifest files that are required inAndroid applications. It realizes a lightweight approach for detection, and its effectivenessis experimentally confirmed by employing real samples of Android malware. The resultshows that the new method can effectively detect Android malware, even when thesample is unknown

ヒト及び他の哺乳類における社会的情動行動に関する進化遺伝学的研究

要約のみTohoku University河田雅圭課

Spatial-Importance-Based Computation Scheme for Real-Time Object Detection From 3D Sensor Data

Three-dimensional (3D) sensor networks using multiple light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) sensors are good for smart monitoring of spots, such as intersections, with high potential risk of road-traffic accidents. The image sensors must share the strictly limited computation capacity of an edge computer. To have the computation speeds required from real-time applications, the system must have a short computation delay while maintaining the quality of the output, e.g., the accuracy of the object detection. This paper proposes a spatial-importance-based computation scheme that can be implemented on an edge computer of image-sensor networks composed of 3D sensors. The scheme considers regions where objects exist as more likely to be ones of higher spatial importance. It processes point-cloud data from each region according to the spatial importance of that region. By prioritizing regions with high spatial importance, it shortens the computation delay involved in the object detection. A point-cloud dataset obtained by a moving car equipped with a LIDAR unit was used to numerically evaluate the proposed scheme. The results indicate that the scheme shortens the delay in object detection

Bifurcation of the endocytic pathway into Rab5-dependent and -independent transport to the vacuole

The yeast Rab5 homologue, Vps21p, is known to be involved both in the vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) pathway from the trans-Golgi network to the vacuole, and in the endocytic pathway from the plasma membrane to the vacuole. However, the intracellular location at which these two pathways converge remains unclear. In addition, the endocytic pathway is not completely blocked in yeast cells lacking all Rab5 genes, suggesting the existence of an unidentified route that bypasses the Rab5-dependent endocytic pathway. Here we show that convergence of the endocytic and VPS pathways occurs upstream of the requirement for Vps21p in these pathways. We also identify a previously unidentified endocytic pathway mediated by the AP-3 complex. Importantly, the AP-3-mediated pathway appears mostly intact in Rab5-disrupted cells, and thus works as an alternative route to the vacuole/lysosome. We propose that the endocytic traffic branches into two routes to reach the vacuole: a Rab5-dependent VPS pathway and a Rab5-independent AP-3-mediated pathway