Evolution of Microstructure and Texture during Warm Rolling Of a Duplex Steel

The effect of warm rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture in a duplex stainless steel (DSS) was investigated. For this purpose, a DSS steel was warm rolled up to 90 pct reduction in thickness at 498 K, 698 K, and 898 K (225 °C, 425 °C, and 625 °C). The microstructure with an alternate arrangement of deformed ferrite and austenite bands was observed after warm rolling; however, the microstructure after 90 pct warm rolling at 498 K and 898 K (225 °C and 625 °C) was more lamellar and uniform as compared to the rather fragmented and inhomogeneous structure observed after 90 pct warm rolling at 698 K (425 °C). The texture of ferrite in warm-rolled DSS was characterized by the presence of the RD (〈011〉//RD) and ND (〈111〉//ND) fibers. However, the texture of ferrite in DSS warm rolled at 698 K (425 °C) was distinctly different having much higher fraction of the RD-fiber components than that of the ND-fiber components. The texture and microstructural differences in ferrite in DSS warm rolled at different temperatures could be explained by the interaction of carbon atoms with dislocations. In contrast, the austenite in DSS warm rolled at different temperatures consistently showed pure metal- or copper-type deformation texture which was attributed to the increase in stacking fault energy at the warm-rolling temperatures. It was concluded that the evolution of microstructure and texture of the two constituent phases in DSS was greatly affected by the temperature of warm rolling, but not significantly by the presence of the other phas

Patient navigation across the cancer care continuum: An overview of systematic reviews and emerging literature

OnlinePublPatient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty‐four reviews were quantitative or mixed‐methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost‐effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost‐effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.Raymond J. Chan, Vivienne E. Milch, Fiona Crawford, Williams, Ria Joseph, Jolyn Johal, Narayanee Dick, Matthew P. Wallen, Julie Ratcliffe, Anupriya Agarwal, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Matthew Tieu, Manaf Al, Momani, Scott Turnbull, Rahul Sathiaraj, Dorothy Keefe, Nicolas H. Har

Gene encoder: a feature selection technique through unsupervised deep learning-based clustering for large gene expression data

© 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Cancer is a severe condition of uncontrolled cell division that results in a tumor formation that spreads to other tissues of the body. Therefore, the development of new medication and treatment methods for this is in demand. Classification of microarray data plays a vital role in handling such situations. The relevant gene selection is an important step for the classification of microarray data. This work presents gene encoder, an unsupervised two-stage feature selection technique for the cancer samples’ classification. The first stage aggregates three filter methods, namely principal component analysis, correlation, and spectral-based feature selection techniques. Next, the genetic algorithm is used, which evaluates the chromosome utilizing the autoencoder-based clustering. The resultant feature subset is used for the classification task. Three classifiers, namely support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest, are used in this work to avoid the dependency on any one classifier. Six benchmark gene expression datasets are used for the performance evaluation, and a comparison is made with four state-of-the-art related algorithms. Three sets of experiments are carried out to evaluate the proposed method. These experiments are for the evaluation of the selected features based on sample-based clustering, adjusting optimal parameters, and for selecting better performing classifier. The comparison is based on accuracy, recall, false positive rate, precision, F-measure, and entropy. The obtained results suggest better performance of the current proposal

Thermal annealing dependence of some physical properties of Bi-substituted Sn–Sb–Se glassy thin films

Bulk glasses of the Sn10Sb$_{20-x}$BixSe70 (0 $\leq$ x ≤ 8) system were prepared by the conventional melt quenching technique. Thin films were prepared by the thermal evaporation technique on glass substrates. Appearance of some crystalline phases is observed from the X-ray diffractograms after heat treatment below the glass transition temperature for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy studies also show the presence of microcrystalline phases in the amorphous matrix after annealing for 1 h. The effect of Bi concentration and heat treatment on the optical gap and activation energy for dark conductivity were also investigated for the pristine as well as annealed films. The results are discussed on the basis of models related to the presence of defect states in chalcogenide materials

Phase segregation in Pb:GeSbTe chalcogenide system

Effect of Pb substitution on the amorphous-crystalline transformation temperature, optical band gap and crystalline structure of Ge2Sb2Te5 has been studied. In Pb:GeSbTe chalcogenide films prepared by thermal evaporation, an amorphous to crystallization transition is observed at 124, 129, 136 and 138 °C in Pb0Ge20Sb24Te56, Pb1.6Ge19Sb26Te54, Pb3Ge17Sb28Te53 and Pb5Ge12Sb28Te55 respectively. XRD investigations of annealed samples reveal that Pb substitution retains NaCl type crystalline structure of GST but expands the lattice due to large atomic radii. The increase in amorphous-crystalline transformation temperature is followed with the increase in phase segregation. The optical gap shows marginal variations with composition

Effect of strain path on microstructure and texture formation in cold-rolled and annealed FCC equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy

The effect of strain path on microstructure and texture formation in an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy was investigated. For this purpose, the alloy was cold-rolled to 90% reduction in thickness (total equivalent strain (epsilon(eq)) similar to 2.65) using unidirectional cold-rolling (UCR) and different cross-rolling routes. In the MSCCR route, the samples were rotated by 90 degrees around the ND in between each pass. In the TSCCR(90 degrees) and TSCCR(45 degrees) routes, the samples were deformed by unidirectional rolling to half of the epsilon(eq) (similar to 1.3) in the first step and the rest half of the strain (epsilon(eq) similar to 1.3) was imparted after rotation around the ND by 90 degrees and 45 degrees, respectively. The development of deformation microstructures in all the processing routes were characterized by fine lamellar type structure intercepted by inclined shear bands. The TSCCR(45 degrees) processed material appeared to be most prone to shear band formation. The UCR processed material showed brass type texture, while the textures of different cross-rolled materials were featured by different rotated brass components. Upon annealing, the UCR processed material showed the lowest grain size while the highest grain size was observed in the TSCCR(45 degrees) processed material. This indicated greater available nucleation sites in the UCR processed material as compared to the TSCCR(45 degrees) processed material. The differences in annealed grain size was presumably higher due to substructure destabilization and misorientation build-up diminishing the number of potential nuclei in the TSCCR(45 degrees) processed material. The annealing textures of the differently processed materials were featured by the presence of a-fiber (ND//) and absence of preferential nucleation and growth

Phase transformation in Pb:GeSbTe chalcogenide films

A comprehensive analysis on the amorphous to crystalline phase transformation in Pb:GeSbTe chalcogenide alloy has been discussed. The structure identified with X-ray measurements has been discussed in relation to thermal analysis carried out on bulk samples. Optical constants have been calculated in the 350 to 800 nm wavelength range, using Fresnel's equation. The effect of Pb substitution on the optical contrast in terms of change in reflectivity and optical parameters (viz. refractive index, extinction coefficient) has been discussed. Marginal decrease in the optical contrast has been observed with a small increase in Pb content, which is effective to maintain the sufficient signal to noise ratio for optical phase-change storage

Microstructure and texture evolution during annealing of equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy

Evolution of microstructure and texture after heavy cold rolling and subsequent annealing in a wide temperature range was first studied in an FCC equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA). Development of a submicron-cell structure and a strong brass-type texture was observed after 90% cold rolling. An ultrafine microstructure having average recrystallized grain size ∼1 μm with profuse annealing twins was observed after annealing at 650 °C. Remarkable resistance against grain coarsening was observed at least up to 800 °C. The mechanisms for these features were closely related with the distinct whole-solute matrix in HEAs. The recrystallization texture was characterized by the retention of deformation texture components similar to those of TWIP and 316 stainless steels. But notable differences exist. The S ({1 2 3}〈6 3 4〉) component is stronger than brass ({1 1 0}〈1 1 2〉) and Goss ({1 1 0}〈0 0 1〉), and strengthened with increasing annealing temperatures. Strong α-fiber (〈1 1 0〉//ND) components other than the deformation components BS and G, and higher fraction of random components also develop. It could be attributed to profuse annealing twin formation due to the low stacking fault energy of the allo