Selektivitas Insektisida Sintetik dan Nabati terhadap Larva Helicoverpa Armigera, Crocidolomia Binotalis, dan Spodoptera Litura, Serta Imago Parasitoid Eriborus Argenteopilosus

Parasitoid E. argenteopilosus Cam. adalah musuh alami penting hama H. armigera, C. binotalis, dan S. litura. Untuk melindungi parasitoid tersebut, dalam implementasi pengendalian hama terpadu pada tanaman tomat, kubis, dan cabai perlu digunakan insektisida selektif. Untuk memperoleh jenis insektisida yang selektif telah dilaksanakan pengujian laboratorium di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang sejak bulan Maret sampai dengan Nopember 2001. Penghitungan nilai LC50 lima jenis insektisida sintetik termasuk dua jenis insektisida mikroba dan lima jenis ekstrak kasar tanaman dilakukan dengan analisis probit. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh data dasar nilai LC50 awal 10 jenis insektisida yang diuji. Selain itu secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis insektisida yang selektif terhadap hama H. armigera, C. binotalis, dan S. litura serta parasitoid E. argenteopilosus adalah B. thuringiensis var. aizawai, protiofos, ekstrak daun Lantana sp., dan ekstrak biji sirsak. Untuk memantapkan hasil percobaan diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut di lapangan

Penggunaan Tanaman Perangkap Tagetes Erecta, Zea Mays, Dan VI Rus HaNPV Untuk Mengendalikan Hama Helicoverpa Armigera Hbn. Pada Tanaman Tomat

Helicoverpa armigera merupakan hama penting pada tanaman tomat. Kehilangan hasil yang diakibatkan dapatmencapai 52%. Penggunaan insektisida yang terus menerus mengakibatkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan,pengurangan keanekaragaman fauna, dan resistensi H. armigera terhadap insektisida. Pengendalian cara teknis danpenggunaan musuh alami merupakan cara untuk mengendalikan hama H. armigera dan merupakan komponenpenting dalam konsepsi pengendalian hama terpadu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efikasitanaman perangkap Tagetes erecta, Zea mays, dan HaNPV terhadap serangan H. armigera pada tanaman tomat.Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rancaekek, Jawa Barat sejak bulan Juni sampai Sep tem ber 1999. Rancangan percobaanyang digunakan adalah Petak Terpisah, di mana varietas sebagai petak utama dan sistem tanam sebagai anak petak.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas tomat LV-2471 relatif tahan terhadap serangan H. armigera.Penggunaan tanaman perangkap tagetes (T. erecta) dan jagung (Z. mays) dapat menekan serangan H. armigera.Sedangkan tanaman tomat yang ditumpangsarikan dengan tanaman perangkap tagetes dan diaplikasi dengan vi rusHaNPV, merupakan kombinasi yang efektif dan memberikan harapan yang baik untuk dikembangkan dalampengendalian organisme pengganggu tanaman pada tanaman tomat dan dapat menekan serangan H. armigera sebesar58,04 %.Kata kunci : Solanum lycopersicum; Tanaman perangkap; Tagetes erecta; Zea mays; Helicoverpa armigera; HaNPVAB STRACT. Setiawati, W., T.S. Uhan, E. Purwati, and S. Sastrosiswojo. 2002. The use of trap crops Tageteserecta, Zea mays, and HaNPV vi rus to con trol Helicoverpa armigera on to mato. The to ma toes crops is at tackedheavily by in sects and the most im por tant of which is H. armigera. This pest caused yield losses up to 52 %. Farm ersin creas ingly rely on syn thetic in sec ti cides to man age this pest. This has in creased the risk of en vi ron men tal con tam i na -tion, the loss of biodiversity, and con trib uted to the de vel op ment of in sec ti cides re sis tant H. armigera pop u la tions.Cul tural prac tices and the use of nat u ral en emy are con sid ered im por tant in the sup pres sion of pest pop u la tions in in te -grated pest man age ment programmes. The ob jec tive of this ex per i ment was to known the ef fi cacy of trap crops (T.erecta and Z. mays) and HaNPV to con trol of H. armigera on to mato. The ex per i ment was con ducted in Rancaekek,West Java from June to Sep tem ber 1999. Split Plot De sign was used with va ri ety as a main plot and plant ing sys tem asa sub plot. The re sults of this ex per i ment in di cated that LV-2471 to mato va ri ety was rel a tively re sis tant to H.armigera. The use of T. erecta and Z. mays as a trap crops on to mato can sup press pop u la tion of H. armigera .Intercropping sys tem of to mato and T. erecta with HaNPV ef fec tively re duced pop u la tion and fruit dam age due to H.armigera up to 58.04 % and the best choice as al ter na tive con trol to H. armigera

Sta Tus Resistensi Lima Strain Plutella Xylostella L. terhadap Formulasi Fipronil, Deltametrin, Profenofos, Abamektin, dan Bacillus Thuringiensis

Toksisitas formulasi insektisidafipronil, deltametrin, profenofos, abamektin, Ba cil lus thuringiensis subsp./var.kurstaki strain EG 7841 (crymax WDG) dan B. thuringiensis subsp./var. kurstaki strain HD-7 (dipel WP) diuji dilaboratorium terhadap lima strain lapangan larva Plutella xylostella (L.) yang berasal dari pusat pertanaman kubis diLembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, Batu, dan Berastagi mulai bulan Sep tem ber 2000 sampai dengan Februari2001. Pengujian menggunakan metode pencelupan potongan daun kubis ke dalam tiap larutan insektisida ujikemudian larva P. xylostella instar 2 dan atau 3 diletakkan pada potongan daun kubis tersebut. Penghitungan nilaiLC50 tiap jenis insektisida yang diuji dilakukan menggunakan pro gram komputer analisis probit. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan, terdapat perbedaan kerentanan P. xylostella, tergantung pada asal (strain) P. xylostella. Berdasarkannilai LC50 insektisida uji, pada umumnya P. xylostella strain Lembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, dan Batu sangatresisten terhadap deltametrin dan profenofos kecuali strain Berastagi tidak diketahui. Semua strain P. xylostella(Lembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, Batu, dan Berastagi) rentan terhadap fipronil dan B. thuringiensis subsp./varkurstaki strain EG 7841. Plutella xylostella strain Lembang, Pangalengan, dan Berastagi sangat resisten terhadap B.thuringiensis subsp./var. kurstaki strain HD-7, sedang P. xylostella strain Kejajar/Dieng dan Batu agak resistenterhadap abamektin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terbukti, bahwa pemantauan perkembangan resistensi P.xylostella terhadap jenis insektisida yang umum digunakan oleh petani kubis sangat penting dilakukan secara rutin.Hasil penelitian ini juga berguna untuk menyusun data dasar LC50 dan strategi pengelolaan resistensi insektisida.AB STRACT. Moekasan, T.K., S. Sastrosiswojo, T. Rukmana, H. Sutanto, I.S. Purnamasari, and A. Kurnia.2004. Re sis tance study in five strains of Plutella xylostella (L.) to fipronil, delta meth rin, Ba cil lus thuringiensis,profenofos, and abamectin for mu lated prod ucts. The tox ic ity of fipronil, delta meth rin, profenofos, abamectin, Ba -cil lus thuringiensis subsp./var kurstaki strain EG 7841 (crymax WDG), and B. thuringiensis subsp./var. kurstaki strainHD-7 (dipel WP), was as sessed in the lab o ra tory against field strains of di a mond back moth (DBM), Plutellaxylostella (L.) from Lembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, Batu, and Berastagi cab bage grow ing ar eas us ing aleaf-dip bioassay us ing sec ond or third instar lar vae. Re sults in di cated that there were dif fer ences in DBM susceptibilityde pend ing upon their or i gin. In gen eral, Lembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, and Batu DBM strains werehighly re sis tant to delta meth rin and profenofos ex cept for Berastagi DBM strain was un known, based on their LC50val ues. All DBM field strains (Lembang, Pangalengan, Kejajar/Dieng, Batu, and Berastagi) were sus cep ti ble tofipronil and B. thuringiensis subsp./var strain kurstaki EG 7841 (crymax WDG), ex cept for Pangalengan strain in di -cated slightly re sis tant to crymax WDG. Highly re sis tant was shown by DBM strains from Lembang, Pangalengan,and Berastagi to B. thuringiensis subsp./var kurstaki strain HD-7 (dipel WP), and mod er ate re sis tant was shown byDBM strains from Kejajar/Dieng and Batu to abamectin. Re sults from lab o ra tory bioassay sug gest that pop u la tions ofP. xylostella from the cen ters of most veg e ta ble grow ing ar eas have evolved re sis tance to delta meth rin and profenofos,and partly to B. thuringiensis and abamectin. This study also proved that rou tine mon i tor ing on the de vel op ment ofDBM resitance to com monly used of in sec ti cides by cab bage farm ers is very im por tant. Re sult of this study is use ful toes tab lish base line data of LC50 and strategy for insecticide resistance management

Ecological impact of Brassica IPM implementation in Indonesia

Abstract In Indonesia, Brassica vegetables such as cabbage and Chinese cabbage are heavily infested with diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) and sometimes with cabbage head caterpillar (CHC), Crocidolomia binotalis (Zeller). Diadegma semiclausum Hellén is the most important larval parasitoid of DBM and becomes a key component of IPM programs on DBM. In 1999, studies were conducted at Lembang (RIV) and at Pangalengan in West Java to observe the ecological impact of IPM implementation versus a conventional pest management system on cabbage, using a paired treatment comparison. The faunal diversity in sweep net samples was higher in the IPM system compared with the conventional system (expressed by D values: 0.83 at Lembang and 0.59 at Pangalengan). The population of D. semiclausum increased in the IPM system by 34% at Lembang and 53% at Pangalengan. The abundance of soil dwelling predators (Coleoptera, Araneida, Hemiptera and Orthoptera) in the IPM system at Lembang and Pangalengan, increased by 84% and 68% respectively. Two species of soil microorganisms known as important biological control agents, namely Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus sp., were higher in the IPM system. IPM implementation on cabbage was superior to the conventional system in terms of (i) reduction of costs for insecticide usage by 79% at Lembang and 64% at Pangalengan and (ii) increase in marketable yield by 57% at Lembang and 19% at Pangalengan in the IPM system