282 research outputs found
Glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD using gradient flow
Removing ultraviolet noise from the gauge fields is necessary for glueball
spectroscopy in lattice QCD. It is known that the Yang-Mills gradient flow
method is an alternative approach instead of link smearing or link fuzzing in
various aspects. In this work we study the application of the gradient flow
technique to the construction of the extended glueball operators. We examine a
simple application of the gradient flow method, which has some problems in
glueball mass calculations at large flow time because of its nature of
diffusion in space-time. To avoid this problem, the spatial links are evolved
by the ``spatial gradient flow'', that is defined to restrict the diffusion to
spatial directions only. We test the spatial gradient flow in calculations of
glueball two-point functions and Wilson loops as a new smearing method, and
then discuss its efficiency in comparison with the original gradient flow
method and the conventional method. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility
of our proposed method, we determine the masses of the three lowest-lying
glueball states, corresponding to the , and
glueballs, in the continuum limit in the pure Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 36 pages, 14 figure
On the equivalence between the Wilson flow and stout-link smearing
We present the numerical equivalence between the Wilson flow and stout-link
smearing, both of which are known to be a relatively new technique for
smoothing the gauge fields on the lattice. Although the conceptional
correspondence between two methods was first pointed out by L\"uscher in his
original paper [J. High Energy Phys.~08 (2010) 071], we provide a direct
analytical proof of the equivalence between the two methods at finite lattice
spacing in the zero limit of the stout-smearing parameter . The
leading order corrections start at , which would induce corrections. It is, therefore, not obvious that they remain equivalent
even with finite parameters ( and ) within some numerical
precision. In this paper, we demonstrate the equivalence of both methods by
directly comparing the expectation value of the action density, which is
measured in actual numerical simulations.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures; v2: major updates regarding to analytic proof of
the equivalence of two methods, conclusions remain unchange
Prospects for the stout smearing as an equivalent approach to the Wilson flow
We present the equivalence between the Wilson flow and the stout smearing.
The similarity between these two methods was first pointed out by L\"uscher's
original paper on the Wilson flow. We first show the analytical equivalence of
two methods, which indicates that the finite stout smearing parameter induces
correction. We secondly show that they remain equivalent in
numerical simulations within some numerical precision even with finite cutoffs
and stout smearing parameters by directly comparing the expectation values of
the action density and we shortly mention the use of the equivalence.Comment: 7 pages, 3figures, Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on
Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st - August 4th, 2023, Fermilab,
Batavia, Illinois, US
THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD-SHEATHED SHEAR WALL WITH COMBINED USE OF ADHESIVE TAPE AND WOOD DOWELS
Shear walls often function as elements that provide resistance to horizontal external forcesĀ exerted on wooden frames. Many shear walls with superior strength performance have been developed forĀ this purpose. Amidst this backdrop, we have attempted to develop a shear wall that, in addition to strengthĀ performance, decreases the time and labor required for disposal. More specifically, the authors proposed aĀ novel āmetallessā shear wall: a shear wall in which industrial double-sided adhesive tape is used to attachĀ plywood to the framework. Also, wood dowels are used as supplementary connectors with the aimĀ of enhancing strength performance. Unlike conventional shear walls that use nails and metal fixtures,Ā separation at the time of disposal is unnecessary, and therefore, disposal time and labor of the wall areĀ anticipated to be significantly decreased. Thus, this study involved demonstrating and verifying a methodof theoretical analysis for the mechanical performance of these kinds of shear walls toward in-plane shearĀ force. Specifically, this study derived a method to estimate the mechanical behavior (load-deformationĀ angle relationship) of plywood-sheathed shear walls based on shear performance obtained from doubleĀ shear tests of joint specimens with the combined use of adhesive tape and wood dowels. Also, the validityĀ of the method was experimentally verified. The results showed that the method proposed in this study wasĀ able to estimate the mechanical behavior and mechanical properties of the newly proposed shear wall, andĀ the validity of the method was confirmed
Is Agricultural Productivity Growth Good for Industrialization? Infrastructures and the Welfare Maximizing Tax Rate
This paper develops a dynamic Ricardian trade model that incorporates productive infrastructures into the manufacturing sector financed by tax. We investigate the relationship between the timing of opening trade and total welfare. We also compare the two kinds of total welfare: the total welfare that a country obtains by closing international trade until it has a comparative advantage in manufacturing and then engaging in free trade and the total welfare that the country obtains by specializing in agriculture according to the law of comparative advantage from the beginning. The main results are as follows: (1) there is the optimal tax rate maximizing the total welfare; (2) an increase in agricultural productivity can accelerate the timing of opening trade, which, however, does not necessarily improve the total welfare; and (3) the total welfare under specialization in manufacturing can be higher than that under specialization in agriculture depending on conditions
Is Agricultural Productivity Growth Good for Industrialization? Infrastructures and the Welfare Maximizing Tax Rate
This paper develops a dynamic Ricardian trade model that incorporates productive infrastructures into the manufacturing sector financed by tax. We investigate the relationship between the timing of opening trade and total welfare. We also compare the two kinds of total welfare: the total welfare that a country obtains by closing international trade until it has a comparative advantage in manufacturing and then engaging in free trade and the total welfare that the country obtains by specializing in agriculture according to the law of comparative advantage from the beginning. The main results are as follows: (1) there is the optimal tax rate maximizing the total welfare; (2) an increase in agricultural productivity can accelerate the timing of opening trade, which, however, does not necessarily improve the total welfare; and (3) the total welfare under specialization in manufacturing can be higher than that under specialization in agriculture depending on conditions
ENERGETICS APPROACH TO FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF WOODEN JOINT USING DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE TAPE
The authors have previously studied the possibility of the use of industrial double-sided adhesive tape as a method for jointing wooden panel to wooden framework. The mechanical performance of joints formed by such methods is comparable to that of nailed joint under static load conditions. However, the mechanical performance of such joints has not been evaluated under cyclic load conditions. This study was conducted to investigate this aspect of their performance. Double-shear specimens were prepared by bonding wooden panel to wooden framework using two types of adhesive tape with different substrates. Specimens were also prepared with wooden dowels to strengthen their jointing performance. The joint specimens were subjected to cyclic shear loading testing. The results of the tests were analyzed from an energetics perspective, and the shear deformability of the specimens at failure was estimated. The test results indicate that both the specimens formed using adhesive tape and those formed using wooden dowels had fatigue properties comparable to nailed joint specimens. A tendency for the shear deformability caused by cyclic loading to increase with the stress level was observed. It was possible to estimate the shear deformability by evaluating the energy absorption capacity of the joints from an energetics standpoint
Neuroprotective DAMPs member prothymosin alpha has additional beneficial actions against cerebral ischemia-induced vascular damages
AbstractProthymosin alpha (ProTĪ±) suppresses stress-induced necrosis of cultured cortical neurons. As neuroprotection alone could not explain the long-lasting protective actions against cerebral ischemia by ProTĪ±, we further examined whether ProTĪ±, in addition to neuroprotective effects, has other anti-ischemic activities. When recombinant mouse ProTĪ± (rmProTĪ±) at 0.3Ā mg/kg was intravenously (i.v.) given 2Ā h after the start of tMCAO, all mice survived for more than 14 days. In evaluation of CD31- and tomato lectin-labeling as well as IgG and Evans blue leakage, rmProTĪ± treatment (0.1Ā mg/kg) largely blocked ischemia-induced vascular damages. Therefore, rmProTĪ± has novel beneficial effects against ischemia-induced brain damage through vascular mechanisms
Efficient Extraction of Starch from Microalgae Using Ultrasonic Homogenizer and Its Conversion into Ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation
To utilize starch and protein contained in microalgae as carbon and nitrogen sources for ethanol production, an extrac- tion method, i.e. ultrasonic treatment using a homogenizer, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of extracted microalgae solution were studied using Chlamydomonas fasciata Ettl 437. 30 min of ultrasonic treatment gave the maximum extraction ratio of starch contained in microalgae, i.e. 93.8%, that corresponded to 0.408 g-starch/g-dry microalgae. SSF of the extracted solution obtained from ultrasonic treated microalgae at 30 min by glutase-AN and Saccahromyces cerevisiae AM12 provided 0.194 and 0.168 g-ethanol/g-dry microalgae with and without yeast extract, respectively, corresponding to 79.5 and 68.8% of theoretical ethanol yield
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