Glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD using gradient flow

Removing ultraviolet noise from the gauge fields is necessary for glueball spectroscopy in lattice QCD. It is known that the Yang-Mills gradient flow method is an alternative approach instead of link smearing or link fuzzing in various aspects. In this work we study the application of the gradient flow technique to the construction of the extended glueball operators. We examine a simple application of the gradient flow method, which has some problems in glueball mass calculations at large flow time because of its nature of diffusion in space-time. To avoid this problem, the spatial links are evolved by the ``spatial gradient flow'', that is defined to restrict the diffusion to spatial directions only. We test the spatial gradient flow in calculations of glueball two-point functions and Wilson loops as a new smearing method, and then discuss its efficiency in comparison with the original gradient flow method and the conventional method. Furthermore, to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method, we determine the masses of the three lowest-lying glueball states, corresponding to the $0^{++}$, $2^{++}$ and $0^{-+}$ glueballs, in the continuum limit in the pure Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 36 pages, 14 figure

On the equivalence between the Wilson flow and stout-link smearing

We present the numerical equivalence between the Wilson flow and stout-link smearing, both of which are known to be a relatively new technique for smoothing the gauge fields on the lattice. Although the conceptional correspondence between two methods was first pointed out by L\"uscher in his original paper [J. High Energy Phys.~08 (2010) 071], we provide a direct analytical proof of the equivalence between the two methods at finite lattice spacing $a$ in the zero limit of the stout-smearing parameter $\rho$. The leading order corrections start at ${\cal O}(\rho)$, which would induce ${\cal O}(a^2)$ corrections. It is, therefore, not obvious that they remain equivalent even with finite parameters ($a\neq 0$ and $\rho\neq0$) within some numerical precision. In this paper, we demonstrate the equivalence of both methods by directly comparing the expectation value of the action density, which is measured in actual numerical simulations.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures; v2: major updates regarding to analytic proof of the equivalence of two methods, conclusions remain unchange

Prospects for the stout smearing as an equivalent approach to the Wilson flow

We present the equivalence between the Wilson flow and the stout smearing. The similarity between these two methods was first pointed out by L\"uscher's original paper on the Wilson flow. We first show the analytical equivalence of two methods, which indicates that the finite stout smearing parameter induces ${\cal O}(a^2)$ correction. We secondly show that they remain equivalent in numerical simulations within some numerical precision even with finite cutoffs and stout smearing parameters by directly comparing the expectation values of the action density and we shortly mention the use of the equivalence.Comment: 7 pages, 3figures, Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2023), July 31st - August 4th, 2023, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, US

THEORETICAL ESTIMATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLYWOOD-SHEATHED SHEAR WALL WITH COMBINED USE OF ADHESIVE TAPE AND WOOD DOWELS

Shear walls often function as elements that provide resistance to horizontal external forces exerted on wooden frames. Many shear walls with superior strength performance have been developed for this purpose. Amidst this backdrop, we have attempted to develop a shear wall that, in addition to strength performance, decreases the time and labor required for disposal. More specifically, the authors proposed a novel “metalless” shear wall: a shear wall in which industrial double-sided adhesive tape is used to attach plywood to the framework. Also, wood dowels are used as supplementary connectors with the aim of enhancing strength performance. Unlike conventional shear walls that use nails and metal fixtures, separation at the time of disposal is unnecessary, and therefore, disposal time and labor of the wall are anticipated to be significantly decreased. Thus, this study involved demonstrating and verifying a methodof theoretical analysis for the mechanical performance of these kinds of shear walls toward in-plane shear force. Specifically, this study derived a method to estimate the mechanical behavior (load-deformation angle relationship) of plywood-sheathed shear walls based on shear performance obtained from double shear tests of joint specimens with the combined use of adhesive tape and wood dowels. Also, the validity of the method was experimentally verified. The results showed that the method proposed in this study was able to estimate the mechanical behavior and mechanical properties of the newly proposed shear wall, and the validity of the method was confirmed

Is Agricultural Productivity Growth Good for Industrialization? Infrastructures and the Welfare Maximizing Tax Rate

This paper develops a dynamic Ricardian trade model that incorporates productive infrastructures into the manufacturing sector financed by tax. We investigate the relationship between the timing of opening trade and total welfare. We also compare the two kinds of total welfare: the total welfare that a country obtains by closing international trade until it has a comparative advantage in manufacturing and then engaging in free trade and the total welfare that the country obtains by specializing in agriculture according to the law of comparative advantage from the beginning. The main results are as follows: (1) there is the optimal tax rate maximizing the total welfare; (2) an increase in agricultural productivity can accelerate the timing of opening trade, which, however, does not necessarily improve the total welfare; and (3) the total welfare under specialization in manufacturing can be higher than that under specialization in agriculture depending on conditions

Is Agricultural Productivity Growth Good for Industrialization? Infrastructures and the Welfare Maximizing Tax Rate

This paper develops a dynamic Ricardian trade model that incorporates productive infrastructures into the manufacturing sector financed by tax. We investigate the relationship between the timing of opening trade and total welfare. We also compare the two kinds of total welfare: the total welfare that a country obtains by closing international trade until it has a comparative advantage in manufacturing and then engaging in free trade and the total welfare that the country obtains by specializing in agriculture according to the law of comparative advantage from the beginning. The main results are as follows: (1) there is the optimal tax rate maximizing the total welfare; (2) an increase in agricultural productivity can accelerate the timing of opening trade, which, however, does not necessarily improve the total welfare; and (3) the total welfare under specialization in manufacturing can be higher than that under specialization in agriculture depending on conditions

ENERGETICS APPROACH TO FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF WOODEN JOINT USING DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE TAPE

The authors have previously studied the possibility of the use of industrial double-sided adhesive tape as a method for jointing wooden panel to wooden framework. The mechanical performance of joints formed by such methods is comparable to that of nailed joint under static load conditions. However, the mechanical performance of such joints has not been evaluated under cyclic load conditions. This study was conducted to investigate this aspect of their performance. Double-shear specimens were prepared by bonding wooden panel to wooden framework using two types of adhesive tape with different substrates. Specimens were also prepared with wooden dowels to strengthen their jointing performance. The joint specimens were subjected to cyclic shear loading testing. The results of the tests were analyzed from an energetics perspective, and the shear deformability of the specimens at failure was estimated. The test results indicate that both the specimens formed using adhesive tape and those formed using wooden dowels had fatigue properties comparable to nailed joint specimens. A tendency for the shear deformability caused by cyclic loading to increase with the stress level was observed. It was possible to estimate the shear deformability by evaluating the energy absorption capacity of the joints from an energetics standpoint

Neuroprotective DAMPs member prothymosin alpha has additional beneficial actions against cerebral ischemia-induced vascular damages

AbstractProthymosin alpha (ProTα) suppresses stress-induced necrosis of cultured cortical neurons. As neuroprotection alone could not explain the long-lasting protective actions against cerebral ischemia by ProTα, we further examined whether ProTα, in addition to neuroprotective effects, has other anti-ischemic activities. When recombinant mouse ProTα (rmProTα) at 0.3 mg/kg was intravenously (i.v.) given 2 h after the start of tMCAO, all mice survived for more than 14 days. In evaluation of CD31- and tomato lectin-labeling as well as IgG and Evans blue leakage, rmProTα treatment (0.1 mg/kg) largely blocked ischemia-induced vascular damages. Therefore, rmProTα has novel beneficial effects against ischemia-induced brain damage through vascular mechanisms

Efficient Extraction of Starch from Microalgae Using Ultrasonic Homogenizer and Its Conversion into Ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation

To utilize starch and protein contained in microalgae as carbon and nitrogen sources for ethanol production, an extrac- tion method, i.e. ultrasonic treatment using a homogenizer, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of extracted microalgae solution were studied using Chlamydomonas fasciata Ettl 437. 30 min of ultrasonic treatment gave the maximum extraction ratio of starch contained in microalgae, i.e. 93.8%, that corresponded to 0.408 g-starch/g-dry microalgae. SSF of the extracted solution obtained from ultrasonic treated microalgae at 30 min by glutase-AN and Saccahromyces cerevisiae AM12 provided 0.194 and 0.168 g-ethanol/g-dry microalgae with and without yeast extract, respectively, corresponding to 79.5 and 68.8% of theoretical ethanol yield