Exploration of Regional Agrowastes for the Production of Pectinase by Aspergillus niger

Svrha je ovog istraživanja procjena lokalno dostupnog poljoprivrednog otpada bogatog pektinom, i to korice limuna, stabljike sirka i glavice suncokreta, kao supstrata za proizvodnju pektinaze submerznim uzgojem plijesni Aspergillus niger DMF 27 i površinskim uzgojem plijesni A. niger DMF 45 na čvrstoj podlozi. Maksimalna količina endopektinaze (4,8 U/g) i egzopektinaze (17,2 U/g) dobivena je površinskim uzgojem na čvrstoj podlozi od glavica suncokreta, a nešto manje (endopektinaze 2,0 i egzopektinaze 10,2 U/g) na podlozi od korice limuna. Dodatkom izvora ugljika i dušika poljoprivrednom otpadu povećana je proizvodnja pektinaze, pri čemu je dodatak saharoze imao veći učinak od dodatka glukoze pri uzgoju na čvrstoj podlozi. Međutim, pri submerznom uzgoju dodatak glukoze povećao je prinos pektinaze. Amonijev sulfat kao izvor dušika povećao je proizvodnju pektinaze u oba postupka uzgoja.The aim of this study was to evaluate locally available pectin rich agrowastes, viz. lemon peel, sorghum stem and sunflower head, as substrates for the production of pectinase by Aspergillus niger DMF 27 and A. niger DMF 45 in submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) systems, respectively. The maximum amount of endo- (4.8 U/g) and exopectinases (17.2 U/g) was obtained from sunflower head followed by lemon peel (endopectinase 2.0 and exopectinase 10.2 U/g) in solid-state system. The increased level in the production of pectinases was noticed when the agrowastes were supplemented with additional carbon and nitrogen sources, and supplementation of sucrose was more effective than glucose in SSF. But, glucose yielded more pectinases in SmF. Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium sulphate raised the production level of pectinases from all the substrates in both SmF and SSF systems

A QTL study on late leaf spot and rust revealed one major QTL for molecular breeding for rust resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Late leaf spot (LLS) and rust are two major foliar diseases of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) that often occur together leading to 50–70% yield loss in the crop. A total of 268 recombinant inbred lines of a mapping population TAG 24 × GPBD 4 segregating for LLS and rust were used to undertake quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Phenotyping of the population was carried out under artificial disease epiphytotics. Positive correlations between different stages, high to very high heritability and independent nature of inheritance between both the diseases were observed. Parental genotypes were screened with 1,089 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, of which 67 (6.15%) were found polymorphic. Segregation data obtained for these markers facilitated development of partial linkage map (14 linkage groups) with 56 SSR loci. Composite interval mapping (CIM) undertaken on genotyping and phenotyping data yielded 11 QTLs for LLS (explaining 1.70–6.50% phenotypic variation) in three environments and 12 QTLs for rust (explaining 1.70–55.20% phenotypic variation). Interestingly a major QTL associated with rust (QTLrust01), contributing 6.90–55.20% variation, was identified by both CIM and single marker analysis (SMA). A candidate SSR marker (IPAHM 103) linked with this QTL was validated using a wide range of resistant/susceptible breeding lines as well as progeny lines of another mapping population (TG 26 × GPBD 4). Therefore, this marker should be useful for introgressing the major QTL for rust in desired lines/varieties of groundnut through marker-assisted backcrossing

Optimization of Process Parameters and Culture Medium for L-(+)-Lactic Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae

WOS: 000269707000007The influence of process parameters such as carbon source, initial pH, agitation rate, inoculum size and fermentation temperature on L-(+)-lactic acid production by Rhizopus oryzae were examined in shaken culture. The highest lactic acid concentration of 62 g/L was obtained at 150 g/L glucose concentration, initial medium pH 6, agitation rate 150 rpm, inoculum size 1 x 10(8) spores/mL and fermentation temperature 32.5 degrees C. The maximum lactic acid concentration of 112 g/L was obtained at an agitation rate of 500 rpm and aeration of 0.75 vvm under optimum conditions found in the shake flask experiments in a 1-L stirred tank bioreactor in batch system. The oxygen transfer characteristic of the lactic acid production process was analyzed. Increases in both the agitation rate and the aeration rate increased the k(L)a values, with the agitation rate increase being much more effective. The effects of different fed-batch methods were determined. The constant feed rate fed-batch culture was an effective method for the production of lactic acid, the concentration of which reached 134 g/L, 19.6% higher than in the batch fermentation.FUBAP (Firat University Scientific Research Unit)Firat University [422]This study was financially supported by FUBAP (Firat University Scientific Research Unit) with Project No. 422

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Not AvailableThe identification of marker tightly linked to male sterility will greatly facilitate for marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding through accurate selection of parental lines in hybrid production. In the present study, to assess the efficiency of previously reported SCAR 4 marker for marker assisted selection was validated by screening the marker in a total of 226 F2 mapping population derived from a cross between male sterile (IIHR10521AB) and a male fertile pure line (IIHRMY7) maintained at IIHR along with bulk segregant analysis. The results showed that the marker segregated in the F2 population showing that it is linked to sterility locus. The marker was also validated by screening 12 different apetalloid male sterile lines maintained at IIHR, the results of amplification gave clear and similar band size amplicons present in parents in all the apetalloid sterile lines confirming that it is linked to male sterility and hence this study is significantly useful and can offer a powerful tool for the efficient selection in MAS breeding programmes in marigold.Not Availabl