Treatment of intertrochanteric femur fracture in elderly patients with the proximal femoral nail antirotation: evaluation in terms of union and functional outcome

Background: Trochanteric fractures almost invariably occur as a result of a trivial fall involving both direct and indirect forces. Fixation in the geriatric population generally consists of weakened, osteoporotic bone; intramedullary devices (PFNA) carry an advantage over other load sharing devices by not having to depend on plate fixation with bone screws purchasing a compromised lateral cortex. The purpose of the present study is to verify the theoretical advantages of the proximal femoral nail in elderly osteoporotic patients and eventually functional outcome of the patient.Method: A total of 30 patients with age >60 years with intertrochanteric femur fractures managed with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation for prospective study. Harris hip score had been used in our study for regular follow up and evaluation at each and every follow up visit.Results: Average Harris hip score at the end of study showed mean value of 87, ranged from 65 to 94 with almost 73% patients showing excellent or good outcome. And 100% fractures got united with a good component position and average time to bone healing was 14 weeks.Conclusions: PFNA are now favored in western countries and there are multiple studies coming from that region to support this. Due to advantages of high union rate, early postoperative mobilization, and short operation time, PFNA osteosynthesis is the method of choice for surgical treatment of stable and unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures

Phylogenetic analysis of “rose witches'-broom” phytoplasma from cultivated Rosa damascena in India representing a new subgroup V-B1 in 16S rRNA gene group V

AbstractDamask Rose (Rosa damascena; Family Rosaceace) is one of the most expensive essential oil bearing crops of many countries including India. A previously undescribed “rose witches'-broom” infestation was detected and exhibited symptoms of little leaf, apical proliferation and chlorosis during winter season in the experimental farms of CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow (India). Samples from the healthy and infected plants were collected and indexed by PCR using the generic primer pairs P1/P6 and R16F2n/R16R2. The nested PCR product was cloned, sequenced and phytoplasma detected. The 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that present phytoplasma showed maximum similarity of 97–98% with Candidatus Phytoplasma balanitae (HG937644), Balanites triflora' witches'-broom phytoplasma (BltWB) (AB689678) and Periwinkle yellows phytoplasma (EU375835), as well as other members of 16SrV group. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of phytoplasma from Damask rose clustered with 16SrV phytoplasma group. However, computer-simulated RFLP analysis revealed unique profile of the phytoplasma sequence from rose with BamHI, HpaI and MseI and distinguished it from Periwinkle phytoplasma, Ca. P. Balanitae, Balanites triflora' witches'-broom phytoplasma and all previously described ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma’ of 16SrV groups. Further, the pattern similarity coefficient value was 0.55, lower than 0.85 with the representative phytoplasmas classified previously in 16SrV groups. Taking into consideration the unique plant host, RFLP profile and the restricted geographical occurrence in addition to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the present phytoplasma is proposed to be rose witches'-broom phytoplasma representing a novel taxon 16SrV-B1. This is the first record of phytoplasma infection on Damask Rose from India

The Spatio-Temporal Onset Characteristics of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Their Relationship with Climate Indices

Regional variations of monsoon onset dates across India were analyzed for 67 years (1951–2017) under different modes of climate variations, i.e., El Niño, La Niña, and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), along with flood and drought years using the objective method and statistical techniques. Monsoon onset analysis revealed that the northern, northeastern, and southern parts were highly susceptible to the early onset of La Niña, and the northern and northern northwest parts were highly susceptible to the early onset of El Niño. The onset dates were early (late) in the sub-regions of the central, southern, and northeastern (northern, northwestern, and western) parts of India during flood (drought) years. Further, onset dates in flood years occurred earlier than those in La Niña years, and onset dates in drought years were later than those in El Niño years. The onset occurrence probability and influence of the synoptic events are discussed. This research could help in understanding the onset of monsoon and its predictability for societal applications

Spectroscopic insight into breast cancer: profiling small extracellular vesicles lipids via infrared spectroscopy for diagnostic precision

Breast cancer, a leading cause of female mortality due to delayed detection owing to asymptomatic nature and limited early diagnostic tools, was investigated using a multi-modal approach. Plasma-derived small EVs from breast cancer patients (BrCa, n = 74) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30) were analyzed. Small EVs (n = 104), isolated through chemical precipitation, underwent characterization via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Validation involved antibody-based tests (TSG101, CD9, CD81, CD63). Infrared spectra of small EVs were obtained, revealing significant differences in lipid acyl chains, particularly in the C–H stretching of CH3. The study focused on the lipid region (3050–2900 cm−1), identifying peaks (3015 cm−1, 2960 cm−1, 2929 cm−1) as distinctive lipid characteristics. Spectroscopic lipid-to-lipid ratios [(I3015/I2929), (I2960/I2929)] emerged as prominent breast cancer markers. Exploration of protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate ratios indicated variations in alpha helices, asymmetric C–H stretching vibrations, and C–O stretching at 1033 cm−1. Principal component analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated BrCa and HC small EVs, and heatmap analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluations underscored the discriminatory power of lipid ratios. Notably, (I2960/I2929) exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, highlighting its potential as a robust BrCa sEV marker for breast cancer detection.Full text license: CC BY 4.0;Funder: Lulea University of Technology; Department of Biotechnology, India (DBT/2021-22/THSTI/1601);</p