Performance enhancement of maximum ratio transmission in 5G system with multi-user multiple-input multiple-output

The downlink multi-user precoding of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) method includes optimal channel state information at the base station and a variety of linear precoding (LP) schemes. Maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is among the common precoding schemes but does not provide good performance with massive MIMO, such as high bit error rate (BER) and low throughput. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and precoding schemes used in 5G have a flaw in high-speed environments. Given that the Doppler effect induces frequency changes, orthogonality between OFDM subcarriers is disrupted and their throughput output is decreased and BER is decreased. This study focuses on solving this problem by improving the performance of a 5G system with MRT, specifically by using a new design that includes weighted overlap and add (WOLA) with MRT. The current research also compares the standard system MRT with OFDM with the proposed design (WOLA-MRT) to find the best performance on throughput and BER. Improved system results show outstanding performance enhancement over a standard system, and numerous improvements with massive MIMO, such as best BER and throughput. Its approximately 60% more throughput than the traditional systems. Lastly, the proposed system improves BER by approximately 2% compared with the traditional system

Spectrophotometric-Assisted Chemometric Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Furosemide, Carbamazepine, Diazepam, and Carvedilol in Their Bulk and Marketed Formulation

Simultaneous determination of Furosemide, Carbamazepine, Diazepam, and Carvedilol in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation using the partial least squares regression (PLS-1 and PLS-2) is described in this study. The two methods were successfully applied to estimate the four drugs in their quaternary mixture using UV spectral data of 84synthetic mixtures in the range of 200-350nm with the intervals ∆λ=0.5nm. The linear concentration range were 1-20 µg.mL-1 for all, with correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean squares error for the calibration (RMSE) for FURO, CARB, DIAZ, and CARV were 0.9996, 0.9998, 0.9997, 0.9997, and 0.1128, 0.1292, 0.1868,0.1562 respectively for PLS-1, and for PLS-2 were 0.9995, 0.9999, 0.9997, 0.9998, and 0.1127, 0.1205, 0.1691, and 0.1686 respectively. Satisfactory results were achieved with applying PLS-1 and PLS-2 in the determination of the cited drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and a good agreement was found between the proposed methods. Keywords: PLS, spectrophotometry, furosemide, carbamazepine, diazepam, and carvedilo

Baud rate variations effect on virtual channel based on PIC microcontroller

Recent year in the world the real applications, usually needed only a few key features of Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART). It is a type of serial communication protocol, which improves the problem of parallel communication and develops effectively in several services. This paper presents a transceiver system based on PIC microcontroller. It also presents software designs to transmit and receive data through the virtual channel. The system is designed to study the effects of baud rate variations between transmitter and receiver for noise and noiseless AWGN channel. The system has been simulated by Proteus simulator version 8.1, and then tested successfully at baud rates (2400, 4800, 9600, and 19200) bps. Simulation results show that the error rate has zero values at the desired baud rate value, and also, at the adjacent values. Thus, the zero level of error rate is increased by increasing baud rate values, which fixed by the transmitter and vice versa

Simple RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Furosemide, Carbamazepine, Diazepam and Carvedilol in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

A simple reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous analysis (separation and quantification) of furosemide (FURO), carbamazepine (CARB), diazepam (DIAZ) and carvedilol (CARV) has been developed and validated. The method was carried out on a NUCLEODUR® 100-5 C18ec column (250 x 4.6 mm, i. d.5µm), with a mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile: deionized water (50: 50 v/v, pH adjusted to 3.6 ±0.05 with acetic acid) at a flow rate 1.5 mL.min-1 and the quantification was achieved at 226 nm. The retention times of FURO, CARB, DIAZ and CARV were found to be 1.90 min, 2.79 min, 5.39 min and 9.56 min respectively. The method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of furosemide, carbamazepine, diazepam and carvedilol in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Keywords: RP-HPLC, Furosemide, Carbamazepine, Diazepam and Carvedilo

Numerical simulations of oceanographic characteristics of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman using ROMS model

1978-1989In this paper, oceanographic characteristics of Oman Sea has been simulated using oceanographic model ROMS. The study area was limited from Arvand Roud in the north of Persian Gulf to RAAS AL HAD in the south east of Oman Sea. Oceanographic parameters on the study area were simulated by the ROMS model for 7 years period and the results were analyzed in comparison to satellite data in the study area in different seasons. Propagation pattern of Indian Ocean Surface Water (IOSW) in to the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea was considered for examination using the ROMS model. The model outputs for surface currents and temperature show the similar pattern as compared to remote sensing data and previous work

Enhancement of permeability estimation by high order polynomial regression for capillary pressure curve correlation with water saturation

Suggesting a cost-effective and straightforward approach is indispensable for obtaining permeability estimates in carbonate reservoirs utilizing available well logs. In this study, several procedures were conducted to reach an optimum approach, primarily by constructing a correlation between capillary pressure and water saturation using core data plotted and utilized a good polynomial regression to obtain a better relationship, which leads to calculating the permeability. The second step is to use different theoretical models which Tixier introduces, Timur, Coats, and Dumanior, which resulted not good matching with the permeability from core analysis and modified Brown and Husseini correlation which used and gave better matching than others correlations by comparing the results with the calculated permeability depending on core data. The proposed approach in this study based on modified Husseini equation using the well logs data by applying Statistical regression techniques within capillary pressure prediction to enhance reservoir characterization can potentially advantage reservoir simulation efforts. Obtained results of permeability prediction based on capillary pressure correlation was examined for a certain well and compared with the measured permeability value of cores. There was a good matching between the predicted and measured permeability

Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater Using Oven-Dried Alum Sludge

The present study deals with the removal of phosphorus from wastewater by using oven-dried alum sludge (ODS) as adsorbent that was collected from Al-Qadisiya treatment plant (Iraq); it was heated in an oven at 105∘C for 24 h and then cooled at room temperature. The sludge particles were then crushed to produce a particle size of 0.5–4.75 mm. Two modes of operation are used, batch mode and fixed bed mode, in batch experiment the effect of oven-dried alum sludge doses 10–50 g/L, pH of solution 5–8 with constant initial phosphorus concentration of 5 mg/L, and constant particle size of 0.5 mm were studied. The results showed that the percent removal of phosphorus increases with the increase of oven-dried alum sludge dose, but pH of solution has insignificant effect. Batch kinetics experiments showed that equilibrium time was about 6 days. Adsorption capacity was plotted against equilibrium concentration, and isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Freundlich-Langmuir) were used to correlate these results. In the fixed bed isothermal adsorption column, the effect of initial phosphorus concentration () 5 and 10 mg/L, particle size 2.36 and 4.75 mm, influent flow rate (Q) 6 and 10 L/hr, and bed depth (H) 0.15–0.415 m were studied. The results showed that the oven-dried alum sludge was effective in adsorbing phosphorus, and percent removal of phosphorus reaches 85% with increasing of contact time and adsorbent surface area (i.e., mass of adsorbent 50 g/L with different pH)