Sinteza i spektroskopska analiza 5beta-kolan derivata

The facile synthesis and spectroscopic data analyses of three 5beta-cholane derivatives, 3beta-tosyloxy-5beta-cholan-24-ol (3), 5beta-cholan-24-ol (4) and 5eta-cholan-24-yl tosylate (5), have been described.Opisana je jednostavna sinteza i spektroskopska analiza tri derivata 5beta-kolana, 3beta-tosiloksi-5beta-kolan-24-ol (3), 5beta-kolan-24-ol (4) i 5beta-kolan-24-il tosilat (5)

Sinteza i spektroskopska analiza 5beta-kolan derivata

The facile synthesis and spectroscopic data analyses of three 5beta-cholane derivatives, 3beta-tosyloxy-5beta-cholan-24-ol (3), 5beta-cholan-24-ol (4) and 5eta-cholan-24-yl tosylate (5), have been described.Opisana je jednostavna sinteza i spektroskopska analiza tri derivata 5beta-kolana, 3beta-tosiloksi-5beta-kolan-24-ol (3), 5beta-kolan-24-ol (4) i 5beta-kolan-24-il tosilat (5)

In-vitro antioxidant activities of the fruits peel of citrus macroptera Mont. Var. Annamensis

In-vitro antioxidant activities of the fruit peels of Citrus macroptera were studied in the present work. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the fractions from n-hexane and methanol crude extracts from the fruit peels of this plant. Results suggested that all fractions from methanol crude extract showed good antioxidant activities. Meanwhile, all fractions from n-hexane extract exhibited as weak antioxidant properties. The results were comparable with standard ascorbic acid. The potency of antioxidant activities of the fruits peel of C. macroptera depends on the type of extracts

Therapeutic potential of Leea indica (Vitaceae)

Background Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (fam. Vitaceae), commonly known as ‘bandicoot berry’, is a Thai medicinal plant, and distributed widely in the far-east and south-east Asian countries, and in some parts of northern Australia. In Thailand, this plant has traditionally been used for the treatment of diarrhoea, pain, gastric ulcer, viral infections and some forms of cancers. Aims To review published findings on medicinal properties of L. indica and to critically appraise its therapeutic potential. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed utilizing several databases, notably, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials. The keywords used in the search, individually as well as in combinations, were Leea indica, Vitaceae and traditional medicine. Results In vitro assays and in vivo animal studies displayed efficacy of the extracts and fractions of L. indica as an analgesic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative agent and indicated their therapeutic potential. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenolics and terpenoids as major bioactive components in L. indica. Conclusion Preliminary bioactivity studies on L. indica provided some scientific basis for its traditional therapeutic applications. The presence of certain bioactive compounds in this plant could further support its therapeutic potential and traditional medicinal uses

Derivati feniloctene kiseline s antioksidativnim učinkom iz sjemenki biljke Ilex aquifolium

Reversed-phase preparative HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds of Ilex aquifolium afforded two antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives, 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (2). The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. In the DPPH assay for antioxidant activity, the IC50 values of 1 and 2 were 1.50 x 10-3 and 2.55 x 10-3 mg mL-1, respectively, compared to 2.88 x 10-5 mg mL-1 of quercetin, a natural antioxidant.Reverzno-faznom preparativnom HPLC analizom metanolnog ekstrakta sjemenki biljke Ilex aquifolium izolirana su dva derivata feniloctene kiseline s antioksidativnim učinkom, 2,4-dihidroksifeniloctena kisleina (1) i metilni ester 2,4-dihidroksifeniloctene kiseline (2). Njihove strukture određene su spektroskopskim metodama. U DPPH testu na antioksidativno djelovanje, IC50 vrijednosti spojeva 1 i 2 bile su 1.50 x 10-3 i 2.55 x 10-3 mg mL-1, dok je IC50 prirodnog antioksidansa kvercitina bila 2.88 x 10-5 mg mL-1

Soxhlet extraction cycle-dependent diversity in phenolic profile and antioxidant potency of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra)

Introduction: The Brassicaceae vegetables are a rich source of secondary metabolites that exhibit several health benefits and protection against numerous degenerative diseases. Objectives: The current study was performed to investigate the effect of Soxhlet extraction cycles on the phenolic profile of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata F. rubra) and its biological activities. Materials and Methods: The red cabbage sample was harvested from the research fields of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan. The ethanol extracts were prepared using 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-cycles Soxhlet extraction technique. The antioxidant potential of red cabbage extracts was estimated by evaluation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power. The identification and quantification of polyphenols were carried out by RP-HPLC. The antibacterial activity of red cabbage extracts was determined against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the antiproliferative activity was carried out by MTT mitochondrial viability assay against the human A549 cancer cell line. Results: Gallic acid, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin and quercetin were the major flavonoids detected in the red cabbage extracts. The extraction cycles were found to have significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on the phenolic profile of the red cabbage extracts.  TPC of extracts ranged from 5.22-11.72 mg/g dry matter, measured as gallic acid equivalent, while the TFC ranged from 1.64-5.19 mg/g dry matter; measured as catechin equivalent. The 4-cycles extract of red cabbage exhibited the maximum TPC, TFC, and DPPH free-radical scavenging and reducing activity. Conclusion: The study concluded that the Soxhlet extraction cycles could exert a considerable effect on the yield and polyphenol composition of red cabbage extracts as well as their antioxidant potential. Antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were observed by all the extracts of red cabbage

DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF ARBUTUS PAVARII PAMP. EXHIBITS CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST THE PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE PC3: A BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ARBUTIN AND BETULINIC ACID METHYL ESTER

Background: Arbutus pavarii Pamp. (fam. Ericaceae), commonly known as “Shmeri”, “Shmar” and “Libyan Strawberry”, is an endemic Libyan medicinal plant, growing almost exclusively in the Al-Jabel Al-Akhdar mountainous region in Libya. Aims: To assess the cytotoxicity of A. pavarii against human cancer cell lines and to carry out bioassay-guided isolation and identification of compounds. Materials and Methods: Shed-dried and ground leaves of A. pavarii were Soxhlet-extracted, successively, with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH), and assessed for cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of the DCM extract against the normal human prostate cell line PNT2 was also assessed to determine the selectivity index (SI). The DCM extract was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) to produce eight fractions. A reversed-phase preparative HPLC analysis of the active VLC fraction was carried out to purify the major compounds present in the active fraction, and the structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic means. Results: The DCM extract was more cytotoxic against the PC3 cell line (IC50= 26 mg/mL) but less to the normal human prostate cell line PNT2 (IC50 = 90 mg/mL) with a selectivity index of 3.5. VLC analysis produced 8 fractions, with fraction VLC-5 most active against PC3 cells. Prep-HPLC-based purification of VLC-5 afforded the isolation of arbutin (1) and betulinic acid methyl ester (2), the structures of which were elucidated by spectroscopic means. Conclusion: The DCM extract of the leaves of A. pavarii exhibited significant cytotoxicity to PC3 cells, but much less cytotoxicity against normal human prostate cell line. The isolated compounds from the active fraction, arbutin (1) and betulinic acid methyl ester (2), which were previously shown to possess cytotoxic properties, could be responsible for the cytotoxicity of the DCM extract

OLAX SUBSCORPIOIDEA OLIV. (OLACACEAE): AN ETHNOMEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW

Background Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. (Olacaceae) is a woody shrub that is widely distributed in Africa. It has trado-medicinal importance and is used in the treatment of asthma, cancer, convulsion, diabetes, intestinal worm infections, jaundice, mental illnesses, neurodegenerative disorders, sexually transmitted infections, swellings and rheumatism, and yellow fever. Aims To review available literature on the phytochemistry, ethnobotany, pharmacology and toxicity of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Methods Published findings were searched in online databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar and other relevant sources, and the data were sorted by relevance.  Combinations of keywords used in the search include Olax subscorpioidea, Olacaceae, Olax, Ewe Ifon, and African medicinal plants. Results The presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidins, saponins, tannins and triterpenes has been reported from O. subscorpioidea. Cytotoxic santalbic acid was isolated from the methanol extract of the seed of this plant, while GC-MS and HPLC analyses of the n-butanol and n-hexane extracts of the leaf revealed the presence of caffeic acid, quercetin, morin, rutin, n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 7,10,13-hexadecatrienoic acid and methyl ester, hentriacontane, 9,17-octadecadienal (Z)-, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, squalene, nonacosane, octadecanoic acid. Bioactivity studies on this plant demonstrated its medicinal potential mainly as an analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-arthritic, antidepressant, antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial and antimicrobial agent. Oral acute toxicity of the leaf extracts in rats appeared to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion Published literature available to date on O. subscorpioidea provides some preliminary scientific basis for the ethnomedicinal uses of this plant. However, some ethnomedicinal uses have not been scientifically validated yet, and similarly, only a limited amount of information is available on properly isolated and identified phytochemicals from this plant that link to its bioactivitie