An unusual case of mouth opening limitation caused by bilateral coronoid process hyperplasia: A case report

Coronoid process hyperplasia is the enlargement of the coronoid processes and may lead to their impingement upon the zygomatic arch and limitation of the mouth opening. It can be unilateral or bilateral and usually affects men in the second decade of life. The etiology of the coronoid process hyperplasia is unknown. The aim of treatment is to restore the mouth opening and the only available treatment is surgery. Intraoral coronoidectomy has been suggested as the treatment of choice. Although the immediate increase in jaw mobility is gained after surgery, proper post-operative rehabilitation and physical therapy is necessary to maintain the mouth opening

Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vertical Facial Discrepancies and Cervical Vertebral Fusion

Abstract Background and Aim: To date, the possibility of any correlation between pathological problems associated with cervical vertebral fusion and long facial pattern has been limitedly assessed. The aim of the present study was to find the correlation between the risk of fusion in cervical vertebrae and long facial pattern in adults. Materials and Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, 80 lateral cephalograms with proper density and contrast were selected. The vertical facial dimension was analyzed to determine normal and long face patterns and to divide the samples into control and case groups, respectively. Cervical vertebrae were observed to detect the continuance of radiopacity between cervical vertebrae, which is considered as a risk of fusion. Data were transferred to SPSS software, and Pearson's chi-squared test was used to detect the correlation between cervical vertebral fusion and the vertical facial pattern. Results: The analysis of the data showed that the number of samples with fusion was higher in long face samples than in samples with normal vertical facial dimensions. Pearson's chi-squared test revealed a correlation between the vertical facial pattern and the risk of fusion in cervical vertebrae (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, there is a correlation between an increase in the vertical facial dimension and the prevalence of cervical vertebral fusion. Keywords: Adult, Cephalometry, Cervical Vertebrae, Vertebral Fusio

Determination of the most appropriate stress distribution by Finite Element Analysis in fixation with resorbable screws after Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy surgery

&quot;nBackground and Aim: Due to the complications associated with fixation by Titanium screws and plates in Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy (BSSRO) surgery, the use of resorbable polymers has been increasingly recommended. Since there are not enough studies on this issue, this study aimed to assess the most appropriate stress distribution in fixation with resorbable screws after BSSRO surgery by Fnite Element Analysis (FEA).&quot;nMaterials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on simulated human mandible using Ansys and Catia softwares. The osteotomy line was applied to the simulated model and experimental loads of 75, 135 and 600 N were respectively exerted according to the natural direction of occlusal force. The distribution pattern of stress was assessed and compared for fixation with one resorbable screw, two resorbable screws in vertical pattern, two resorbable screws in horizontal pattern, three resorbable screws in L pattern and three resorbable screws in inverted backward L pattern using Ansys software.&quot;nResults: Among the four simulated fixations, L pattern showed the highest primary stability. Two screws in vertical pattern were also associated with sufficient primary stability and less trauma and cost for patients. One screw did not provide enough stability under 600 N.&quot;nConclusion: Polymer-based resorbable screws (polyglycolic acid and D, L polylactide acid) provided satisfactory primary stability in BSSRO surgery

Trigeminocardiac reflex during Le Fort I osteotomy: a case-crossover study

Objective. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) during Le Fort I osteotomies. Study design. This case-crossover study included 25 Le Fort I osteotomy candidates without systemically compromising conditions. Mean arterial blood pressure and pulse rate values were recorded before downfracture (DF) (MABP1, PR1), during DF (MABP2, PR2), and after DF (MABP3, PR3). The data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA tests (alpha = 0.05). Results. PR1 and PR3 were significantly higher than PR2 (P < .001). MABP2 value was significantly lower compared with MABP1 and MABP3 values (P < .001). PR2 and MABP2 showed a mean decrease of 6.5% and 9.7% compared with PR1 and MABP1, respectively. Conclusion. Different values have been suggested for TCR. Considering the limitations, the present study may suggest a revision of the values or descriptions for TCR, at least in maxillofacial Le Fort I osteotomy. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 110: 178-181

Oral Symptoms and Factors Associated with COVID-19: A Case-Control Study

Background and Aim: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a serious pandemic situation. Assessment of associated factors contributing to its severity is of clinical significance. This study assessed the factors associated with COVID-19 and its severity.    Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, we assessed self-reports of 93 COVID-19 patients and 50 healthy controls regarding demographics, smoking habit, sinusitis, rhinoplasty or tonsillectomy history, xerostomia, dysosmia, dysgeusia, taste disturbances (metallic taste and foul taste), and bleeding or inflammation in the oral cavity. Further admission to ICU or death were recorded later. We also assessed the patients’ laboratory tests including WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, C reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at the time of admission. Diagnosis of patients was based on clinical assessments, Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and chest computed tomography (CT) scan results. Healthy controls had no flu like signs and symptoms in the past 1 month prior to the study. Associations between the abovementioned factors and disease, and disease severity were analyzed by the Chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, one-sample t-test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α=0.05). Results: Variables with statistically significant associations with COVID-19 included smoking (P=0.004), xerostomia (P=0.000), dysgeusia (P=0.000), dysosmia (P=0.000), and taste disturbances (P=0.000). CRP (P=0.000), ESR (P=0.000), and neutrophil percentage (P=0.000) were also elevated in patients. Eosinophil (P=0.000) and basophil percentages (P=0.016) were lower than normal range in patients. Age was associated with death (P=0.010) and ICU admission (P=0.009). Conclusion: Xerostomia, dysgeusia, dysosmia, and taste disturbances can be early markers of COVID-19. Older ages are prone to more severe forms of disease