Effect of dietary nanosilver on gut proteases and general performance in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle on general performance and digestive proteases in zebra fish. Four experimental diets were designed with a concentration of 5, 20 and 40 parts per billion (ppb) nanoparticles in the diet (named S5, S20, and S40, respectively) and control group without any nanoparticles (S0). There was no significant difference was observed in FI and FCR between the dietary treatments. At the end of the experiment, S20 exhibited highest WG and SGR followed by S40 compared with other treatments while, there was no significant difference observed between S0 and S5. Similar trends were also observed in total protease enzyme activity. To evaluate the protease enzyme patterns on gut extract, substrate SDS-PAGE was performed and the inhibition of zymogram was studied. The results showed that there was no difference in banding patterns between S0 and S5 with EDTA treated samples whereas two extra bands of molecular weight (MW) 67 and 37 appeared in S20 and S40, were inhibited by EDTA indicating the presence of metalloprotease in those dietary regimes. There were no differences in the banding patterns of PMSF treated samples suggesting that the total serine protease remains unaffected by the dietary regimes. To conclude, we found 20 ppb inclusion of silver nanoparticle in fish diet improves general performance and induces metalloprotease activity in fish. Further detailed study is required before establishing dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle for industrial purposes

Autism: a curse on today’s society

Autism is a group of neurodevelopment disorders characterized by impaired communication, impaired social interaction and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behaviours or interests in the first 3 years of life. It shows a strong male bias and found four times more in males than in females. According to a study in the US, in 2014, overall 1.68% of victims were reported to have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), whereas the percentage was increased by 15% and 150% respectively over the year 2012 and 2000. Numerous genes have been discovered that have roles in ASD but still a good understanding of the pathophysiological process of ASD is not established. ASD costs are estimated to be approximately $250 billion annually in the U.S. Moreover, it is suggested that by 2025, ASD costs will rise to over$450 billion. Thus, the financial burden on families is increasing. There is no effective screening tool for proper diagnosis is available. Based on Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) some tests like ADOS-G, ADI-R, CARS etc. are used for diagnosis. There are medications to cure symptoms but no single medication for ASD. However, some therapies (like ABA- Applied Behavioural Analysis, DTT- Discrete Trial Training, and Symptomatic treatments, etc.) are there that show positive responses towards improvement from a disease state. Some crucial advancement has been achieved in the last decades. Here in the work we have focused on the diagnostic methods and treatment available for the symptoms of Autism. So, it can be said that the day is not too far away when the remedy to cut the curse of autism will be in our hands

Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and anthelmintic activity of Polygonum muricatum

Polygonum muricatum is widely used by the local people of Meghalaya for anthelmintics. An attempt has been made to evaluate the pharmacognostical, preliminary phytochemical and pharmacological parameters of leaves of Polygonum muricatum. The physicochemical constants like moisture content, ash values such as total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash, extractive values such as water soluble extractive value and alcohol soluble extractive value were determined. The extract obtained by successive solvent extraction was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis to find out the presence of compounds. The plant Polygonum muricatum leaves were extracted with the solvent benzene, acetone, ethanol and water by soxhlet apparatus method. The extract was evaluated for anthelmintic activity with Indian earthworm. Ethanol extract of the plant Polygonum muricatum has shown the significant activity

IPA Transcription of Bengali Texts

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) serves to systematize phonemes in language, enabling precise textual representation of pronunciation. In Bengali phonology and phonetics, ongoing scholarly deliberations persist concerning the IPA standard and core Bengali phonemes. This work examines prior research, identifies current and potential issues, and suggests a framework for a Bengali IPA standard, facilitating linguistic analysis and NLP resource creation and downstream technology development. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of Bengali IPA transcription and introduce a novel IPA transcription framework incorporating a novel dataset with DL-based benchmarks

A characterization of normal 3-pseudomanifolds with at most two singularities

Characterizing face-number related invariants of a given class of simplicial complexes has been a central topic in combinatorial topology. In this regard, one of the most well-known invariants is $g_2$. Kalai's relative lower bound [10] for $g_2$ says that if $K$ is a normal $d$-pseudomanifold with $d \geq 3,$ then $g_2(K) \geq g_2(lk (v))$ for any vertex $v$ of $K.$ In [7], two combinatorial tools - `vertex folding' and `edge folding' were defined. Let $K$ be a normal $3$-pseudomanifold with at most two singularities (in case of two singularities, we take one singularity as $\mathbb{RP}^2$). Let $t$ be a vertex of $K$ with $g_2(lk (t)) \geq g_2(lk (v))$ for any other vertex $v$. We prove that if $g_2{(K)} \leq g_2(lk (t)) + 9$ then $K$ is obtained from some boundary complex of $4$-simplices by a sequence of operations connected sum, bistellar $1$-move, edge contraction, edge expansion, vertex folding and edge folding. Further, we prove that the upper bound is sharp for such combinatorial normal $3$-pseudomanifolds.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figur

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First example of μ<SUB>3</SUB>-sulfido bridged mixed-valent triruthenium complex triangle Ru<SUP>III</SUP><SUB>2</SUB>Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(O,O-acetylacetonate)<SUB>3</SUB>(μ -O,O,μ-C-acetylacetonate)<SUB>3</SUB>(μ<SUB>3</SUB>-S) (1) incorporating simultaneous O,O- and γ -C-bonded bridging acetylacetonate units. Synthesis, crystal structure, and spectral and redox properties

The reaction of mononuclear ruthenium precursor [RuII(acac)2(CH3CN)2] (acac = acetylacetonate) with the thiouracil ligand (2-thiouracil, H2L1 or 6-methyl -2-thiouracil, H2L2) in the presence of NEt3 as base in ethanol solvent afforded a trinuclear triangular complex Ru3(O,O-acetylacetonate)3 (μ-O,O,γ-C-acetylacetonate)3(μ3-sulfido) (1). In 1, each ruthenium center is linked to one usual O,O-bonded terminal acetylacetonate molecule whereas the other three acetylacetonate units act as bridging functions:γ each bridges two adjacent ruthenium ions through the terminal O,O-donor centers at one end and via the γ-carbon center at the other end. Moreover, there is a μ3-sulfido bridging in the center of the complex unit, which essentially resulted via the selective cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bond of the thiouracil ligand. In diamagnetic complex 1, the ruthenium ions are in mixed valent RuIIIRuIIIRuII state, where the paramagnetic ruthenium(III) ions are antiferromagnetically coupled. The single crystal X-ray structure of 1 showed two crystallographically independent C3-symmetric molecules, Ru3(O,O-acetylacetonate)3(μ-O,O,γ-C-acetylacetonate)3(μ 3-S) (1), in the asymmetric unit. Bond distances of both crystallographically independent molecules are almost identical, but there are some significant differences in bond angles (up to 6°) and interplanar angles (up to 8°). Each ruthenium atom exhibits a distorted octahedral environment formed by four oxygen atoms, two from each of the terminal and bridging acetylacetonate units, oneγ -carbon of an adjacent acetylacetonate ligand, and the sulfur atom in the center of the complex. In agreement with the expected 3-fold symmetry of the complex molecule, the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 1 in CDCl3 displayed signals corresponding to two types of ligand units. In dichloromethane solvent, 1 exhibited three metal center based successive quasireversible redox processes, RuIIIRuIIIRuIII-RuIIIRuIIIRuII (couple I, 0.43 V vs SCE); RuIIIRuIIIRuIV-RuIIIRuIIIRuIII (couple II, 1.12 V); and RuIIIRuIIIRuII-RuIIIRuIIRuII (couple III, -1.21 V). However, in acetonitrile solvent, in addition to the three described couples [(couple I), 0.34 V; (couple II), 1.0 V; (couple III), -1.0], one irreversible oxidative response (RuIIIRuIIIRuIV → RuIIIRuIVRuIV or oxidation of the coordinated sulfide center) appeared at Epa, 1.50 V. The large differences in potentials between the successive couples are indicative of strong coupling between the ruthenium ions in the mixed-valent states. Compound 1 exhibited a moderately strong charge-transfer (CT) transition at 654 nm and multiple ligand based intense transitions in the UV region. In the RuIIIRuIIIRuIII (1+) state, the CT band was slightly blue shifted to 644 nm; however, the CT band was further blue shifted to 520 nm on two-electron oxidation to the RuIIIRuIIIRuIV (12+) state with a reduction in intensity

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Association of serum uric acid with left ventricular ejection fraction: A retrospective insight from a tertiary care hospital of North East India

Context: Cardiometabolic risk factors play crucial roles in left ventricular dysfunctions (left ventricular failure): a defining feature of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fractions (HFpEF). Among the many, serum uric acid (SUA) is a controversial risk factor that needs to be investigated globally. Aim: We aim to elucidate a correlation of SUA with ejection fraction percentage (EF%) in patients with chronic HF supporting the probable notion of hyperuricemia being a prognostic biomarker. Settings and Design: This retrospective, cohort study was performed on patients who visited from January 2022 to June 2022 in the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary care hospital in Northeastern India. Methods: A series of 81 selected patients with known congestive HF were documented with various baseline, clinical, and biochemical parameters. Patients were divided into three groups based on EF% and their relation with SUA, along with other parameters was analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation and frequencies for continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively. ANOVA one-way tests were conducted for continuous variables and Chi-square tests for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A significant correlation was established between levels of SUA and EF (P = 0.021). Hence, hyperuricemia is directly related to an increased risk of lower EF. Conclusion: Even when asymptomatic, SUA can be used as a prognostic biomarker in the assessment of HF diseases