1,026 research outputs found
Grad-CAM++: Improved Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networks
Over the last decade, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been
highly successful in solving complex vision problems. However, these deep
models are perceived as "black box" methods considering the lack of
understanding of their internal functioning. There has been a significant
recent interest in developing explainable deep learning models, and this paper
is an effort in this direction. Building on a recently proposed method called
Grad-CAM, we propose a generalized method called Grad-CAM++ that can provide
better visual explanations of CNN model predictions, in terms of better object
localization as well as explaining occurrences of multiple object instances in
a single image, when compared to state-of-the-art. We provide a mathematical
derivation for the proposed method, which uses a weighted combination of the
positive partial derivatives of the last convolutional layer feature maps with
respect to a specific class score as weights to generate a visual explanation
for the corresponding class label. Our extensive experiments and evaluations,
both subjective and objective, on standard datasets showed that Grad-CAM++
provides promising human-interpretable visual explanations for a given CNN
architecture across multiple tasks including classification, image caption
generation and 3D action recognition; as well as in new settings such as
knowledge distillation.Comment: 17 Pages, 15 Figures, 11 Tables. Accepted in the proceedings of IEEE
Winter Conf. on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV2018). Extended version
is under review at IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligenc
Delay analysis of the IEEE 802.11bd EDCA with repetitions
We analyse the performance of the IEEE 802.11bd MAC protocol, with Enhanced
Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and repeated transmissions, in terms of the
MAC access delay of packets pertaining to safety-related events. We outline
Markov chain models for the contention mechanism of priority-based access
categories, and derive the associated steady-state probabilities. Using these
probabilities, we characterise the delay experienced by the packet in the MAC
layer. Further, we characterise the reliability of the protocol in terms of the
likelihood that a packet is delivered within a critical time interval.
Numerical computations are conducted to understand the impact of various system
parameters on the MAC access delay. The analysis indicates that the MAC access
delay depends on various system parameters, some of which are influenced by the
traffic scenario and nature of safety-critical events. Motivated by this, we
used our analysis to study the delay and reliability of the 802.11bd MAC
protocol specific to the context of platooning of connected vehicles subject to
interruptions by human-driven motorised two wheelers. We observe that while the
delay performance of the protocol is as per the QoS requirements of the
standard, the protocol may not be reliable for this specific application. Our
study suggests that it is desirable to co-design vehicular communication
protocols with prevalent safety-related traffic applications
Flow Shape Design for Microfluidic Devices Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Microfluidic devices are utilized to control and direct flow behavior in a
wide variety of applications, particularly in medical diagnostics. A
particularly popular form of microfluidics -- called inertial microfluidic flow
sculpting -- involves placing a sequence of pillars to controllably deform an
initial flow field into a desired one. Inertial flow sculpting can be formally
defined as an inverse problem, where one identifies a sequence of pillars
(chosen, with replacement, from a finite set of pillars, each of which produce
a specific transformation) whose composite transformation results in a
user-defined desired transformation. Endemic to most such problems in
engineering, inverse problems are usually quite computationally intractable,
with most traditional approaches based on search and optimization strategies.
In this paper, we pose this inverse problem as a Reinforcement Learning (RL)
problem. We train a DoubleDQN agent to learn from this environment. The results
suggest that learning is possible using a DoubleDQN model with the success
frequency reaching 90% in 200,000 episodes and the rewards converging. While
most of the results are obtained by fixing a particular target flow shape to
simplify the learning problem, we later demonstrate how to transfer the
learning of an agent based on one target shape to another, i.e. from one design
to another and thus be useful for a generic design of a flow shape.Comment: Neurips 2018 Deep RL worksho
Algebraic properties of binomial edge ideals of Levi graphs associated with curve arrangements
In this article, we study algebraic properties of binomial edge ideals
associated with certain plane curve arrangements via their Levi graphs. Using
combinatorial properties of the Levi graphs, we discuss the Cohen-Macaulayness
of binomial edge ideals of some curve arrangements in the complex projective
plane like the -arrangement of curves and the conic-line arrangement. We
also discuss the existence of certain induced cycles in the Levi graph of these
arrangements and obtain lower bounds for the regularity of powers of the
corresponding binomial edge ideals.Comment: 16 pages, comments and suggestions are welcom
Transactional politics and humanitarian crisis: lessons for policy from the political marketplace framework
This memo summarizes observations and conclusions from the Conflict Research Programme/World Peace Foundation research on the political marketplace framework and humanitarian crises. It draws upon seven country-specific case studies (Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Syria and Yemen) and on theoretical and cross-cutting analysis. Its primary focus is on food insecurity and famine, though other forms of humanitarian crisis (for instance, displacement) are also considered
A study on premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girl students in an urban area of West Bengal
Background: Previous studies in India reported a prevalence of premenstrual syndrome to be 20% in a general population and severe symptoms in 8%. The present study was conducted to study the socio-demographic characteristics of adolescent school girls, to estimate the proportion of premenstrual syndrome among them and to find out factors associated with premenstrual syndrome, if any.Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a Kolkata city. Data were collected from the students of Class IX to XII in the classroom using pre-tested pre-designed self-administered questionnaire. Total 278 students were included in the study. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 20.0.Results: The mean age of the students was 15.61 years ± 1.3. 54% of girls reported to have PMS. Out of the affective symptoms in ACOG criteria depression was by 45.7%, anger by 61.2%, irritability by 88.1%, anxiety by 51.8%, confusion by 46.4%, rejection by 24.8, breast pain by 22.7, abdominal distension by 37.5%, headache by 40.6% and swelling of limbs by 5% of girls.Conclusions: Proper medical care and psychological counselling should be sought earlier for increased blood flow during menstruation and dysmenorrhoea to get rid of PMS in adolescent girls
- …