Beneficial Effects of Montelukast Against Methotrexate-Induced Liver Toxicity: A Biochemical and Histological Study

The effects of montelukast against methotrexate-induced liver damage were investigated. 35 Wistar albino female rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: group I: control; group II: montelukast (ML); group III: methotrexate (Mtx); group IV: montelukast treatment after methotrexate application (Mtx + ML); group V: montelukast treatment before methotrexate application (ML + Mtx). At the end of the experiment, the liver tissues of rats were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reduced glutathione levels were determined from liver tissues. In addition, the liver tissues were examined histologically. MDA and MPO levels of Mtx group were significantly increased when compared to control group. In Mtx + ML group, these parameters were decreased as compared to Mtx group. Mtx injection exhibited major histological alterations such as eosinophilic staining and swelling of hepatocytes. The glycogen storage in hepatocytes was observed as decreased by periodic acid schiff staining in Mtx group as compared to controls. ML treatment did not completely ameliorate the lesions and milder degenerative alterations as loss of the glycogen content was still present. It was showed that montelukast treatment after methotrexate application could reduce methotrexate-induced experimental liver damage

The pathogens of blood stream infection in the patients who applied to emergency medicine service: a three year retrospective analysis of a university hospital

Blood stream infection (BSI) is a critical clinic situation that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we aimed to determine the BSI pathogens among the patients who admitted to emergency medicine clinic (EC). A retrospective surveillance study was conducted to evaluate the results of blood culture of the emergency patients in a university hospital between January 2015 and December 2017. Total 4569 blood culture were performed between the study period, and 802 (17.5%) of them yielded positive result, of which 14 (1.7%) were fungi, and remaining 788 (98.3%) were bacteria. Except the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNSs) which was the major contaminant of blood cultures; Escherichia coli (n: 170; 21.2%) was the most frequently isolated organisms in this survey, and this was followed by Klebsiella spp. (n: 55; 6.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n: 54; 6.7%). The frequency of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among the members of Enterobacteriaceae was measured as 38.2%, and the methicillin resistance of S. aureus was 7.4%. The common community acquired bacteremia agents were detected as relatively less, in such an order as Streptococcus pneumoniae (n: 14; 1.7%), beta-hemolytic streptococci (n: 11; 1.3%), and Brucella spp. (n: 7; 0.8%). This study indicates that gram negative enteric bacteria are the most frequent pathogens of BSI, and the high antimicrobial resistance mediated by ESBL resistance poses a substantial therapeutic problem in our region. The results also suggest that S. pneumoniae seems to be circulating in the community despite the vaccination campaigns. Emergency departments are critical units to diagnose community-acquired bacteremia and to commence appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy for the patients with BSI. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 330-3

Differences in some hematological parameters in adult male and female COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Depending on the severity of the disease, fever, cough, shortness of breath, more severe pneumonia and death may occur. The aim of this study is to compare some blood parameters between adult male and female patients with COVID-19 to understand the effect of gender on disease pathogenesis. For this purpose, the levels of blood serum the D-dimer, white blood cells, monocyte, lymphocyte, platelet, glucose, hemoglobin and Prothrombin Time/INR were measured in a total of 3101 COVID-19 patients whose 1649 were males and 1452 were females. Statistically significant differences were observed in platelet, white blood cells, Prothrombin Time/INR, hemoglobin and monocyte levels while no differences were detected in lymphocyte, D-dimer, and blood glucose levels between male and female patients. The results indicate that platelet, white blood cells, Prothrombin Time/INR, hemoglobin and monocyte levels were significantly higher in males as compared to female patients with COVID-19. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1124-7

The role of advanced machine learning approach in predicting multiple sclerosis development and progression

This study aims to utilize a fine-tuned gradient boosting trees algorithm to predict the onset and progression of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) based on a comprehensive set of demographic and clinical variables. The goal was to enhance early diagnosis and enable individualized treatment approaches using artificial intelligence. The research utilized Dataset, a publicly accessible dataset derived from a prospective cohort study of individuals of Mexican mestizo descent diagnosed with Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS). The study spanned from 2006 to 2010, systematically collecting and analyzing data on various individual traits to explore correlations with MS development. The gradient boosting trees algorithm was employed to construct predictive models, harnessing patient-specific variables, including demographic factors and clinical data. The classifier exhibited outstanding performance, with a mean accuracy of 99.63% and minimal standard deviation. The confusion matrix indicated one false positive and no false negatives. Key metrics such as precision, recall, and AUC all approached 1, demonstrating the classifier's ability to distinguish between the two classes with high confidence. Comparative analysis with similar studies in the literature revealed superior performance, highlighting the classifier's accuracy and effectiveness in predicting MS. The application of the gradient boosting trees algorithm to predict MS based on demographic and clinical variables offers a promising avenue for early diagnosis and tailored treatment. This research demonstrates the potential of AI to transform healthcare, particularly in the context of MS. The predictive models developed have the capacity to enhance early detection, improve patient quality of life, and pave the way for further AI-based solutions in healthcare. [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1315-9

A case of myocardial infarction together with acute appendicitis in Emergency Clinic of Turgut Ozal Medical Center

In this study, a case of myocardial infarction (MI) developed in a 55-year old patient who applied to emergency clinic with acute appendicitis was presented. The patient who already had diabetes and hypertension applied to emergency clinic of our hospital due to abdominal pain, and he was diagnosed as having acute appendicitis associated with MI in routine evaluation and analyses. Treatment preference was used for MI for the patient, and the coronary occlusion was opened with using percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography. In the follow up of the patient, the clinical symptoms of the acute appendicitis disappeared, and the patient was discharged with cure without requiring any surgical intervention for the appendicitis. High mortality clinical situations, such as MI, which is stimulated due to various stress factors should be considered in the patients who applied to emergency clinic. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 777-779

Investigation of the protective and treatment effects of vinpocetine in myocardial infarctional with isoprotenol in rats

As aim of this study, the knowledge of whether vinpocetine (VINPO) is cardioprotective or not following isoprotenol (ISO) induced cardiac ischemia in rats. In myocard infarction, the one of the responsible mechanisms of injury is oxidative damage and inflammmation. The effect of Vinpo which is the potent antioxidant and anti inflammatory agent aimed to reveal as the biochemical, electrophysiological, and histopathologic parameters. In this study, thirty- two Wistar-Albino male rats (in the estimated weight of 250-400gm.) were divided into four groups, each consisting of eight rats. The group 1 named as sham, no any drug used in this group. Group 2 named as iso group, only isoprotenol was adminestered, the group 3 named as vinpo and iso group, here initially vinpocetine then isopretenol were used, and the group 4 named as iso and vinpo, here initially isoprotenol then vinpocetine were used. For the rats in group 2, in first and second day isoprotenol adminestered at a dose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection. At third and fourth day no any drug used. And at fifth day the experiment terminated. For the rats in group 3, at the first and second day Vinponcetine adminestered at adose of 20 mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, after 30 minute isoprotenol administered at adose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection. At third and fourth day no any drug was used. And at fifth day experiment was terminated. Lastly for the rats in group4, first and second day isoprotenol administered at adose of 120mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, at third and fourth day vinpocetine adminestered at adose of 20 mg/kg using an intraperitoneal injection, and at fifth day experiment terminated. Prior to termination of experiment the pulse rate and ECG changes were recorded. After completion of experiment protocols blood samples and cardiac tissue samples were recieved. For the knowledge of effects of vinpocetine experimental miyocardial ischemia induced in rats, and the serum myoglobulin, total creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanin aminotransferase (ALT), measured. In myocardial tissue as an antioxidative system and an oxidative stres markers; malonylaldehate (MDA), Superoxidedismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathionperoxidase (GPx), GSH, Total oxidant status (TOS),Total antioxidant status(TAS),Oxidative stres index (OSI) studied. As a result, Vinpocetin showed positive impact on cardiac functions. With all of these for the best clear results, advanced studies are needed. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 629-634

Beneficial effects of melatonin on acetylsalicylic acid induced liver damage in rats

We investigated the effects of acute high doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on liver tissue and the protective and therapeutic effects of melatonin on ASA related damage. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups of eight: group 1, control; group 2, administered 200 mg/kg ASA; group 3, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min before ASA; group 4, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin 45 min after ASA; group 5, administered 5 mg/kg melatonin. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) in the liver. ASA treatment significantly increased MDA and MPO production, whereas it significantly decreased levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH in the liver. Melatonin significantly decreased MDA and MPO production, whereas it caused increased levels of antioxidants. AST and ALT levels were higher after ASA treatment, whereas these levels were reduced significantly after melatonin administration. Our histopathological findings, including apoptosis, were consistent with the biochemical results. Melatonin exhibits beneficial effects against high dose ASA induced hepatotoxicity. [Med-Science 2017; 6(4.000): 653-658

The protective and therapeutic effects of agmatine on isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Isoproterenol (ISO), a synthetic catecholamine, is used to study the effects of drugs on cardiotoxicity. Agmatine (AGM) is a type of biogenic amine produced through the decarboxylation of arginine. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of AGM against ISO-induced cardiotoxicity due to the described roles of AGM in cardiovascular disease. Four groups of thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally as control, ISO, AGM+ISO, and ISO+AGM. ISO was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice at a dose of 150 mg/kg, at 24-hour intervals. Prior to and after ISO injection, 20 mg/kg of AGM was injected i.p. Hemodynamic measurements and serum and tissue biochemical analyses were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tissue were measured. In the ISO group, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) were increased significantly (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(4.000): 1290-6

Protective effects of molsidomine against doxorubicin-induced renal damage in rats

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of molsidomine (MLS) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced renal damage in rats. Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups (control, MLS, DOX, DOX+MLS and MLS+DOX groups). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined from kidney tissues and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and albumin (Alb) levels also determined. Results: DOX treatment caused a significant increase in TBARS levels and a significant decrease in the GSH and CAT levels compared with the control group. In comparison, MLS administration before DOX injection caused a significant decrease in TBARS levels and also increases in GSH and CAT levels, whereas treatment of MLS after DOX injection did not show any beneficial effect on these parameters. All groups showed a significant increase in NO levels compared to the control group. There were no significant differences among the all groups for BUN and Cr levels. Serum level of Alb decreased in the DOX-treated groups when compared with control and MLS groups. The histopathological findings were in accordance with the biochemical results. MLS treatment reversed the DOX-induced kidney damage in group 4. MLS treatment before DOX injection exerted a protective effect against DOX-induced kidney damage. Conclusions: MLS shows promise as a possible therapeutic intervention for the prevention of kidney injury associated with DOX treatment. Additional studies are warranted