Prepared activated carbon from hazelnut shell where coated nanocomposite with Ag+ used for antibacterial and adsorption properties

In this research, prepared activated carbon by H3PO4 from hazelnut shells was coated with silver ions for the preparation of nanoparticles which were mixed in two ratios (1:0.5 and 1:1) by using of chemical reduction method. The adsorption capacity of activated carbons has been proven by BET and iodine number. Then, the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles on the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated; in addition to that, the characterization of hazelnut shell and silver-coated activated carbons was determined by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The optimum condition of activated carbon from hazelnut shells indicated that 66.01% carbon content within 36.22% efficiency, while BET surface area achieved as 1208 m2/g and its contained 0.6104 cm3 g−1 total pore volume. The microbial effect indicated that 105 CFU/mL of E. coli was completely inhibited in 30 min. Silver-coated activated carbon showed excellent bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. aureus. The results show that the composite has good prospects for applications in drinking water. E. coli of 104 CFU/mL in drinking water were destroyed within 25 min of contact with the filter made with AgAC. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio, and Mean Platelet Volume for Detection of Resectable Pancreas Cancer

Several biomarkers have been preferred for the early diagnosis of pancreatic adenocancer (PAC), but most are not ready to be included as part of the routine diagnostic algorithm because they still lack sensitivity, specificity or reproducibility. CA19-9 is the most widely used serum-based marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of pancreatic cancer. However, CA19-9 lacks sensitivity for early or small-diameter pancreatic cancers. For more than 3 decades, information on neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) has been widely available to health care practitioners, as part of the data provided in the full blood count. However, these biomarkers have more than used in the routine. The present chapter shares the prognostic significance of the hematological parameters in the light of our own findings and recent studies in the literature

Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastric Cancer

In patients with gastric cancer, surgical resection is the only treatment that can offer cure or increase long-term survival. With the accumulation of experience in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy and the progress in surgical instruments, laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer has gained popularity despite initial concerns regarding safety and oncological adequacy. As a result, laparoscopic technique has been widely applied in gastric cancer. Different meta-analyses showed that laparoscopic procedures are associated with less blood loss but longer operation time. Many studies have reported outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for early gastric cancer, but several authors also have shown that a laparoscopic approach can also be used in cases of advanced gastric cancer. We therefore conducted this study to expand our experience and to evaluate laparoscopic gastrectomy step by step in the light of recent reports while defining key points and surgical technique

Geogrid Kaplı Taş Kolonların Taşıma Kapasitesi ve Genişleme Davranışı

In recent years, geogrid encasement has been used to extend the utilization of stone columns to improve soft soil’s properties. This paper investigates the influence of geogrid encasement on the performance of stone columns in soft clay deposits. Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to figure out behavior of stone columns with and without geogrid reinforcement. The small scale laboratory tests were carried out. In addition, PLAXIS which is a finite element package intended for the two dimensional analysis of deformation and stability in geotechnical engineering was used to numerical studies. Before conducting the numerical studies, the validation between results of the experimental studies and numerical analysis was performed. After validation, the numerical studies were performed with different parameters such as the rigidity effect of geogrid, depth of geogrid reinforcement and lateral bulging of the stone columns. In addition, group of stone column was investigated. As a result of this studies, load carrying capacity and bulging behavior of the geogrid encased stone column was significantly influenced from the depth and the stiffness of the geogrid.Son yıllarda yumuşak zeminlerin iyileştirilmesi için kullanılan taş kolonun kullanımını artırmak için geogrid kaplama kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geogrid kaplamanın, yumuşak zemin yatağı içerisindeki taş kolonun performansına olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Geogrid kaplı ve geogridsiz taş kolonun davranışını belirlemek için deneysel ve numerik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışma için küçük ölçekli laboratuvar testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, geoteknik mühendisliğinde iki boyutlu deformasyon ve stabilite analizleri için tasarlanmış sonlu elemanlar programı olan PLAXIS numerik çalışmalar için kullanılmıştır. Numerik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmeden önce deneysel çalışmaların ve numerik analizlerin uyumluluğu kontrol edilmiştir. Uyum elde edildikten sonra taş kolonda geogridin rijitliğinin, geogrid kaplama boyunun ve yanal genişleme gibi farklı parametrelerin etkisi numerik çalışmalar ile araştırılmıştır. Ek olarak grup kolonlar da incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuncu olarak, geogridin kaplama boyu ve rijitliği geogrid kaplı taş kolonun yük taşıma kapasitesini ve genişleme davranışını önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir

Genetic factors in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus

Although the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and genetic factors has long been questioned, the role of genetic factors in the development of severe hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus has been investigated in detail in the last decade with the rapid progression in molecular medicine. Although the first historical data gathered about genetical tendency to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia dates back to description of the Crigler-Najjar syndrome in 1952, a substantial interest is currently focused on coding and promoter region mutations of uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 gene. In this article, the role of uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase gene mutations in neonatal significant hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus is reviewed together with the clinical presentations of the most common syndromes of bilirubin conjugation, such as Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes. Genetic counseling and investigation may be useful and necessary in newborns presenting with severe, unexplained familial hyperbilirubinemia. In these various syndromes where enzymatic and genetic deficiencies are present, studies about treatment with gene replacement, though currently experimental, are ongoing, especially in type 1 Crigler-Najjar

The double-edged sword of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations: Clinical and preclinical evidence for mechanistically and prognostically impactful but treatable complications

We present retrospective data from our clinical research efforts of the past several years alongside a review of past and current clinical and preclinical data independently by several investigators supporting our clinical evidence for the importance of inflammation in inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). We show how inflammation is a complicating factor in IRDs but, if recognized and managed, also a great opportunity to mitigate disease severity immediately, improve patient prognosis and quality of life, extend the treatment windows for gene-specific and agnostic therapeutic approaches, mitigate the impact of inflammatory complications on the accurate estimate of vision changes in IRD natural history studies, improve the chances of safer outcomes following cataract surgery, and potentially reduce the likelihood of inflammatory adverse events and augment the efficacy of viral vector-based treatment approaches to IRDs. Manuscript contribution to the field. Inflammation has been suspected to be at play in IRDs since the beginning of the 1900s and became a research focus through the early 1990s but was then largely abandoned in favor of genetic-focused research. Thanks to regained cognizance, better research tools, and a more holistic approach to IRDs, the recent reappraisal of the role of inflammation in IRDs has brought back to the surface its importance. A potential confounder in natural history studies and a limiting factor in clinical trials if not accounted for, inflammation can be managed and often offers an opportunity for immediately improved prognosis and outcomes for IRD patients. We present our retrospective clinical evidence for connections with a measurable secondary autoimmune component that can develop in IRDs and contribute to vision loss but is at least in part treatable. We also present ample lines of evidence from the literature corroborating our clinical observations at the preclinical level

Topical N-acetylcysteine treatment in neonatal ichthyosis

Unpredictable trancutaneous absorption of topically administered drugs and potential teratogenicity and toxicity of systemic drugs would make it mandatory to innovate more efficacious and less toxic drugs for the treatment of ichthyosis, which is not a fully curable disease in the neonatal period. In this article the clinical efficacy of 10% N-acetylcysteine emulsion in the topical treatment of congenital ichthyosis in a newborn was assessed, comparing simultaneously with 4% urea emulsion. After treating the skin of the left and right halves of the body with topical N-acetylcysteine and 4% urea, respectively, for nine days, the improvement was much more outstanding on the skin of the left half of the body when compared to the right half of the body. Topical N-acetylcysteine, to our knowledge, has not been used in a newborn with ichthyosis before, and this is the first report of a case of neonatal ichthyosis successfully treated with topical N-acetylcysteine. We conclude that 10% N-acetylcysteine emulsion, as an non-toxic and hypoallergic amino acid derivative, can be safely and efficaciously used in the topical treatment of neonatal ichthyosis, although the permanent cure may not always be possible