IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY STUDIES ON ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS BENTH. (LEAF) AGAINST MCF–7 CELL LINES

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of the study was to determine the anticancer efficacy of Orthosiphon stamineus extract against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7) and its phytochemical analysis through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods: Different solvents were used for leaf extraction and used for qualitative assay of phytochemicals using standard protocols. Differentconcentration (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of O. stamineus leaves were used to assess the in vitrocytotoxic effect using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Further, the ethyl acetate extract was subjected toGC-MS analysis, and the identification of components was based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology library database.Result: Of the hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, methanol extract found to contain more of phytochemicals followed by ethyl acetate. Theinhibitory concentration 50 for methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract was found be 93.42 μg/ml and 215.3 μg/ml, respectively.GC-MS mass spectrum of ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of squalene and phytol and antioxidants such as flavones. Sterols compoundssuch as vitamin E, ergosterol, cholesterol, and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and terpenoids were also identified.Conclusion: The data obtained in this work could be useful as a chemical standard in checking the genuineness of this plant source. Data of the resultsfurther depicted that the selected traditional anti-cancer plants could be used not only as an anti-cancer but also as a good antioxidant.Keywords: Anti-cancer, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Orthosiphon stamineus, Michigan cancer fsoundation-7cells

IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING AND ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF ARISTOLOCHIA INDICA L. AGAINST MCF-7 CELL LINE

Objective: To investigate the in vitro free radical scavenging and anticancer potential of Aristolochia indica L. leaves and stem against MCF-7 cell line.Methods: Phytochemicals were analysed in chloroform (leaves) and aqueous extracts (stem) of the Aristolochia indica by using standard methods. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the chloroform and aqueous extracts of the Aristolochia indica using various free radical models such a DPPH, Reducing power assay, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging,. In vitro cytotoxic assay such as MTT assays were carried out against MCF-7 cell line.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenol, saponins, in chloroform extract of leaves and aqueous extract of stems. The results revealed that the chloroform extract has significant antioxidant potential than aqueous extract. The result revealed that the chloroform extracts of Aristolochia indica L showed pronounced anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (MCF-7) cell line than ethanol extract.Conclusion: The result of the present study concluded that the chloroform extract of Aristolochia indica L has significant antioxidant and anticancer activity then the aqueous extract. The potential antioxidant and anticancer activity of Aristolochia indica L might be due to the presence of phytochemicals

ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE POTENTIAL OF Carica papaya LEAVES ON BREAST CANCER CELLS – MCF-7

The study's objective is to identify the phytoconstituents and determine the anti-cancer potential of Carica papaya leaves against the MCF 7 cell line. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of C. papaya leaves were prepared by cold maceration method and qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed. The anti-proliferative effect of these extracts was determined by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and apoptotic assay by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method on MCF 7 cells.  The effect of the extracts, with different concentrations, on DNA fragmentation, was also performed on MCF 7 cells. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, phenols, anthraquinones, proteins, and carbohydrates. Chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of C. papaya leaves were observed with potential DPPH free radical scavenging activity with 72%, 75%, and 78% respectively. Of these extracts, the chloroform extract (72%) was found to possess a more free radical scavenging effect against DPPH and also showed a dose-dependent effect, the maximum at 100µg/ml, on DNA fragmentation in MCF 7 cells. Further, chloroform extract showed a maximum anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 cells with IC50 at 22±1.5µg/ml, whereas methanol and ethyl acetate extract at 30±0.5 µg/ml and 28±0.5 µg/ml respectively.  Increased apoptosis in MCF 7 cells was observed with an increased concentration of chloroform extract of C. papaya. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that leaf extract of C. papaya found to possess an anti-proliferative effect and antioxidant potential and it could be due to the presence of rich secondary metabolites of the plant

IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ASTERACANTHA LONGIFOLIANEES. ON CCL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective activity of Asteracanthalongifolia leaf extract.Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in normal albino rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)was administered orally at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weightin physiological saline for 1 day. Group 1 served as Control. Group 2 served as disease control (CCl 20 mg/kg body weight). Group 3 served as animaltreated with the aqueous extract A. longifolia (150 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). Group 4 served as animal treated with theaqueous extract A. longifolia (300 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). Group 5 served as animal treated with standard silymarindrug (20 mg/kg body weight orally administered for 15 days). After completed the experiment, the liver markers, lipid profile, and antioxidants wereanalyzed.4 Results: Phytochemical screening of aqueous extract of A. longifolia leaves indicates the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, phenol, steroids,alkaloids, quinone, saponin, and coumarin. Supplementation of A. longifolia significantly restored the liver markers, lipid profile, and antioxidantmarkers on in CCl4 induced Wistar albino rats.Conclusions: The results of our study showed that A. longifolia possess significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity, probably due to itsphytochemicals.Keywords: Asteracantha longifolia, Phytochemicals, Carbon tetrachloride, Antioxidant

HERBAL REMEDY FOR OSTEOSARCOMA - CHALLENGING EVOLUTION

Bone cancer is the extremely rare type, which accounts for about 0.2% of all cancer. They metastasize the cancer cells to the bone parts which have an especially crucial mechanism of action while treating. It is treated with the advanced drugs, have effluent side effects when compared to the medicinal plants and phytoconstituents. The review effectively deals that the mechanism of action of different medicinal plants include Phyllanthus urinaria, Aralia elata, Punica granatum, Anemone altaica, and Potentilla chinensis and the phytoconstituents include corosolic acid, shikonin, thymoquinone, aloperine, and withaferin A. This review provides the detailed information about the importance of medicinal herbs in the treatment of bone cancer, besides the mechanism of action of several phytoconstituents in different cell lines used. In future, it is more useful for evaluating the treatment of bone cancer with phytoconstituents

3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone as a cathode material in a mangnesium/zinc based primary battery

The efficiency of 3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone as a cathode material in a magnesium/zinc based primary battery is examined. The discharge performance of the cell is investigated under different parametric variations such as temperature, nature of electrolyte, current drain and zeolite modification. A 14e reduction seems to be responsible for the electrochemical reaction causing the reduction of 3,3'-dinitrobenzophenone to the diamino derivative, including the reaction of carbonyl grou

Elemental analysis of various demineralized tooth graft by EDX-720 XRF: An in vitro study

Background: The periodontal regeneration is the most challenging process which involves regeneration of both hard and soft tissues. There are various biomaterials available for this purpose. Tooth graft can be used as a regenerative material in the field of periodontics and implantology. The tooth graft with 70% demineralization is considered to be a better option for periodontal regeneration. Different methods are employed for demineralization of tooth using various acids. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as an in vitro study. Totally 60 teeth were collected and categorized into four groups. Groups I, II, and III teeth were demineralized in 2% nitric acid, 0.6 M hydrochloric acid, and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. The Group IV teeth were left undemineralized. The elements present in the various tooth graft groups after demineralization were analyzed by EDX-720 XRF Instrument. Results: The EDTA demineralized tooth graft has higher level of Calcium, Strontium, and Zinc content compared to other tooth graft groups and it was statistically significant with P = 0.001. Conclusion: The EDTA demineralized tooth graft can serve as better graft than 2% nitric acid and 0.6M hydrochloric acid demineralized and undemineralized tooth grafts