The effect of counselling programmes involving expressive activities with semi-structured groups on self-concealment levels of adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of counselling programmes based on expressive activities with semi-structured groups, on the self-concealment levels of adolescents. The research was carried out using a pretest-posttest control group design. The dependent variable of the present research, is the psychological counselling programme conducted with a semi-structured group based on expressive activities. The research was carried out with 18 6th and 7th grade secondary school students (10 female and 8 male). The Self-Concealment Scale was used as data collection tool. In this research, the use of nonparametric tests was preferred, as the sample was smaller than 30. Therefore, it was determined whether there is a statistically significant difference between the arithmetic means of the experimental and control groups' pretest, posttest and trail test scores by use of Wilcoxon signed-rank test, to determine the effects of a psychological counselling programme with semi-structured group based on expressive activities. Also, it was determined whether there was a statistically significant relationship between the pretest, posttest and trail intervention scores received by the intervention and control group students from the Self-Concealment Scale, using Mann-Whitney U test. The research results revealed that the "psychological counselling programme based on expressive activities with semi-structured groups" was significantly effective in alleviation of self-concealment levels, and this effect was also maintained in follow-up evaluations. The obtained results are discussed in the light of related literature findings and recommendations are proposed accordingly

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia. Part 3: Update 2015 Management of special circumstances: Depression, Suicidality, substance use disorders and pregnancy and lactation.

Hysteresis loss is an important factor when the performance of superconducting electric power devices is evaluated. The non-ideal voltage–current relation in Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox/Ag conductors is one of the reasons that critical state based loss relations do not accurately predict the AC loss in these conductors. In this paper the influence of the magnetic field dependent voltage–current relation on the hysteresis loss is discussed. An analytical high-field approach is used to demonstrate the effect of the finite steepness of the voltage–current relation on the induced current. Besides, a numerical technique is used to calculate also for applied magnetic fields below the penetration field the influence of both a field dependent critical current density and a field dependent steepness of the voltage–current relation. Both the magnitude of the hysteresis loss and the field dependence of the loss are influenced by the voltage–current relation. Especially for small applied fields the field dependence of the loss deviates from the cubic dependence that is predicted by the critical state model based relations. Results of calculations are compared with measured data. An intrinsic critical current density vs. magnetic field relation is determined in order to obtain agreement between measurements and calculations