Studies on the Barbital Concentration in Body and Sleep Part 2. Barbital Concentrations in Blood and Cerebro-Spinal Fliud

The pathway by which barbital reaches the brain is still unknown. Generally there are two possible pathways through which substances in blood enter into the brain, namely, one, directly through blood vessels and the other, by way of the choriomeningeal plexus. Barbital will possibly enter the brain by the former pathway but it may enter the brain by way of the cerebro-spinal fluid as in the case of P.(32) In order to verify this point, I have measured the barbital concentrations in the lumbar fluid and the ventricle fluid, each obtained at the time of lobotomy and at the pneumo-ventriclography, respectively. From these results, it has been found that barbital immigrated into the cerebro-spinal fluid faster than bromine so that there seems to be a possible pathway to the brain through this fluid. Moreover, in the measurements of the barbital concentration in the ventricle fluid after oral administration has been found higher than that in the lumbar fluid. For this reason, I believe that the choriomeningeal plexus plays the leading rôle in the production of the cerebro-spinal fluid as contended by other investigators

Studies on the Barbital Concentration in Body and Sleep Part 3. The Concentration of Barbital in Blood and the Electroencephalography (E. E. G.)

As described in report 1, I obtained a vague idea about the relationship between the barbital concentration in blood and sleep in my previous experiments. In order to clarify this relationship still further, I used the δ-index of E. E. G. for the numerical representation of depth of sleep, and examined the possibility of a parallel relationship between this index and the barbital concentration in blood. The results revealed that ths two fluctuate in parallel up to one to two hours after oral administration of barbital but beyond two hours the δ-index decreased rather independently of the barbital concentration in blood. From this result, the brain seems to posess a resistant (a familiarized phenomenon) at this stage to barlital, and therefore, the beginning of a habitual tendency had apparently been created in the brain

Studies on the Barbital Concentration in Body and Sleep Part 1. The Concentration of Barbital in Blood

In the age when there are so many users of narcotic drugs as at the present, it is rather surprising that nothing definite is known about the concentration of barbital in blood after its administration; and this can be keenly realized if one takes into consideration the fact that barbital is one of the most frequently used narcotic drugs. This aroused my interest in intiating the study on the barbital concentration in body. I have examined human body repeatedly with the use of Goldschmidt's method and measured the barbital concentration in blood. As the results, it has been found that the barbital concentration in blood reaches its maximum about two hours after its administration, and although it gradually decreases thereafter, it still maintains a relatively high level after twenty-four hours. This point coincides well with that of drugs clinically used for inducing lasting sleep

A Case Study of Discordant Schizophrenia in one of Uniovular Twins

The authors happened to encounter a discordant schizophrenic case in one of uniovular twins. This patient is still yong so that we intend to follow up this case in the future, but for the time being we present this case as a discordant schizophrenia. 1. By the ovular examination this case has been verified as a uniovular case. 2. In the character test, namely, in Rorschach test and Uchida Kraepelin test, we found abnormalities not only in the patient but also in her twin-sister. This finding is noteworthy, so that it will not only help the ovular diagnosis but also suggests a possible danger of future nosogenesis. 3. By judging environmental differences between the twins, we have studies how these differences were related to the nosogenesis, and obtained the following data: (a) Both twins weighed only 1.5 Kg. at the birth, and the patient's entire body was paler than her twin-sister then. At the age of these both contrasted whooping-cough, but the patient was severer than her sister. It appears that from that time on the patient has the delicate constitution. (b) In the first year of her junior-high school days (13 years old) she received a trauma on the hiatus and she has been worrying ever since, believing she had her hymen broken. (c) As for the direct cause inducing the physiological and mental tension, cystitis which she suffered for one whole year when she was 15 years old may be pointed out. Cystitis seems to be an important factor in this case, because according to Henri Baruck in a cystitic case there are substances in Coli bacillus which are toxicant to the brain, and consequently there is a possibility of presenting a phenomenon like in schizophrenia reaction. These three factors seem to heve played an important role for the onset of schizophrenia in this case

シナプス膜への特異的セロトニン結合に及ぼすフィルターの影響

In the present study, the authors carried out some basic examinations of specific (3H)-5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) receptor binding assay. The most adequate incubation condition for (3H)-5-HT binding assay was at 0°C for 10 to 30 min. Scatchard plot of (3H)-5-HT binding using a Millpore filter and a Glass filter drew biphasic and monophasic, respectively. It is suggested that filter may affect on specific (3H)-5-HT binding. Therefore, the characteristics of filter should be taken into consideration in (3H)-5-HT binding assay

Rubidium (Rb) Treatment of Rats : Biological Effects and Implications for Psychiatry

Experiments were carried out on rats in order to find out the implications for psychiatry of the basic biological effects of rubidium (Rb). The forced swimming test (FST), used to evaluate the effects on rats of treatment with Rb, was conducted after 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb was given chronically or subacutely. The weight of rats treated with 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb, once daily, was observed daily for two weeks. Rb levels in the blood and brain of rats treated with Rb chronically or subacutely were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The rectal temperature was observed at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after injections of 1 or 3 mEq/kg Rb. The increase in the mean body weight of treated rats was almost the same as that of the control. The rectal temperature in rats treated with Rb showed a hyperthermic response. With both the 1 and 3 mEq/kg Rb treatments, Rb levels in the brains were significantly higher in the chronic experiments than in the subacute experiments. The experiments conducted to deter mine the effect of chronic and subacute treatment of Rb are hereafter termed 'chronic experiment' and 'subacute experiment' respectively. Almost the same significant difference was also observed in the Rb levels in the blood. In the FST, a decrease in the mean immobility time was not observed in either the subacute or the chronic experiments. Thus, antidepressant effects, as judged from the FST, were not observed although Rb did actually accumulate in both brain and blood