Visual Reconstructions of Language

This article discusses the central conceptual role that linguistics plays in Sarah Hulsey's visual art. By referencing the theory of generative grammar, she discusses how she creates visual analogs of sentences, sound patterns, and other linguistic structures through printmaking and artist’s books. Two projects are discussed, Diagraphia and The Space of Poetics, along with their influences, both visually and linguistically

FSC

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-118).This thesis investigates the role of the Focus Sensitive Operators (FSOs) even and also when found inside of a coordination. Coordinations of this form are called Focus Sensitive Coordinations (FSC) and include or even, and even, and also, not only...but also, let alone, and as well as. I argue that let alone and as well as are composed of a coordination component and an (overt or covert) FSO adjoined to the left-hand coordinate. This analysis, taken together with Karttunen (1973)'s analysis of presupposition projection in disjunction, accounts for the fact that the existential presupposition of even does not project in an or even sentence, but it does in a let alone sentence. It is further shown that Focus Sensitive Coordination has a restricted distribution relative to ordinary coordination. In particular, FSC is generally possible only with propositional coordinates or coordinates that can be derived from propositional coordinates by way one of the kinds of ellipsis that can target coordination. Apparently smaller coordinates are subject to a range of prohibitions on remnants for gapping. This can be accounted for by a particular lexical entry for the FSOs and a prohibition against movement of the FSOs. Furthermore, a restriction on coordinations containing even adjoined to a noun phrase can be accounted for if we treat the resulting phrase as a generalized quantifier. Evidence from FSC also provides a new argument in favor of a treatment of even as being ambiguous between ordinary even and an NPI even (Rooth 1985).(cont.) It is shown that an alternative treatment which achieves the NPI-like meaning by QR of even above a downward-entailing operator (Karttunen and Peters 1979) cannot account for the FSC cases where even is found inside of a coordination. That theory incorrectly predicts that coordinations in which even is associated with the less likely disjunct should be as grammatical as those in which it is associated with the more likely one. Finally, I provide an account of a scope asymmetry between conjunction and disjunction in gapping and show that, together with a pragmatic entailment that arises from one of the presuppositions of even, this provides an account for the fact that the scope of disjunction in FSC is restricted in a way that the scope of ordinary disjunction is not.by Sarah McNearney Hulsey.Ph.D

Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Fully Breastfed Infants on Oral Vitamin D Supplementation

Objective. To examine the effectiveness of oral vitamin D3 (400 IU) supplementation on the nutritional vitamin D status of breastfeeding infants. Design. As part of a larger ongoing vitamin D RCT trial of lactating women, infants of mothers assigned to control received 1 drop of 400 IU vitamin D3/day starting at one month of age. Infant 25(OH)D levels (mean ± S.D.) were measured by RIA at visits 1, 4, and 7. Results. The infant mean ± S.D. 25(OH)D at baseline was 16.0 ±9.3 ng/mL (range 1.0–40.8; n = 33); 24 (72.7%) had baseline levels <20 ng/mL (consistent with deficiency). The mean levels increased to 43.6 ±14.1 (range 18.2–69.7) at 4 months and remained relatively unchanged at month 7: 42.5 ±12.1 ng/mL (range 18.9–67.2). The change in values between 1 and 4 months and 1 and 7 months was statistically significant (P ≤ .0001), and despite a decrease in dose per kilogram, values were not significantly different between months 4 and 7 (P = .66). Conclusions. Oral vitamin D3 supplementation as an oil emulsion was associated with significant and sustained increases in 25(OH)D from baseline in fully breastfeeding infants through 7 months

Vesicular stomatitis virus chimeras expressing the oropouche virus glycoproteins elicit protective immune responses in mice

Oropouche virus (OROV) infection of humans is associated with a debilitating febrile illness that can progress to meningitis or encephalitis. First isolated from a forest worker in Trinidad and Tobago in 1955, the arbovirus OROV has since been detected throughout the Amazon basin with an estimated 500,000 human infections over 60 years. Like other members of the famil

A modal ambiguity in for-infinitival relative clauses

This squib presents two puzzles related to an ambiguity found in for-infinitival relative clauses (FIRs). FIRs invariably receive a modal interpretation even in the absence of any overt modal verb. The modal interpretation seems to come in two distinct types, which can be paraphrased by finite relative clauses employing the modal auxiliaries should and could. The two puzzles presented here arise because the availability of the two readings is constrained by factors that are not otherwise known to affect the interpretation of a relative clause. Specifically, we show, first, that “strong” determiners require the FIR to be interpreted as a SHOULD-relative while “weak” determiners allow both interpretations (the Determiner-Modal Generalization). Secondly, we observe that the COULD-interpretation requires a raising (internally headed) structure for the FIR, while the SHOULD-interpretation is compatible with either a raising or a more standard matching (externally headed) structure (the Raising/Matching Generalization)

Interaction of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus S2 with Cellular OS-9

Equine infectious anemia virus is a retrovirus that encodes four accessory proteins in addition to three structural proteins. One of the accessory proteins, designated only as ‘S2’ is of unknown function. S2 has been shown to play an important role in viral replication and disease expression, however, specific functions of S2 are not known. As a first step to elucidate the function of S2, the protein was used as bait in a yeast two hybrid screen and was shown to interact with the cellular proteins TBP-1 and OS-9. My current studies probe the S2 amino acids important for interaction with OS-9. Three S2 mutants were designed with mutations generated in regions thought to be important for protein-protein interaction. These mutants were tested for interactions of S2 with OS-9 using a yeast two hybrid screen. None of the mutants significantly disrupted the interaction of S2 and OS-9, therefore it can be concluded that the three mutations created do not lie in areas of critical interaction of S2 and OS-9. Currently, an allele library containing random S2 mutants is being generated. These mutants will then be tested in a yeast two hybrid screen. Mutants that are shown to cause a disruption in S2/OS-9 interaction will then be sequenced to determine where the mutations occur

Wholesale Late Merger: Beyond the A/Ā Distinction

In this article, we develop a substantially expanded theory of late merger. Adopting related insights by Fox (2002), we argue that late merger is permitted whenever an output representation can be interpreted in the semantic component. A consequence of our approach is that late merger is available not only for the well-known case of adjuncts, but also for restrictors of determiners (wholesale late merger). We demonstrate that this theory can explain the different reconstruction possibilities of A-movement and A-movement, as well as various otherwise puzzling facts about movement and ellipsis, while still maintaining the copy theory of movement.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Research Fellowship grant 9919

Growth and Tolerance with an Amino Acid Based Enteral Formula: A Two-year Retrospective Study from a Children’s Rehabilitation Hospital

International audienc

Education Values in the New Neilson Library Landscape

Students explored the work of the Olmsted firm on the Smith campus as they considered what history means for campus planning and landscape design today through readings, class discussion, and a research assignment based on materials in the Smith College Archives. Taught by Steven Moga