A Comprehensive Evaluation of an Offender-Focused Domestic Violence Policing Strategy Using the EMMIE Framework

As the emphasis on increasing the body of evidence for (or against) policing interventions grows, so does scholars\u27 responsibility to identify not only what works but why, for whom, and in what contexts. An emerging police approach to domestic violence (DV) using offender-focused strategies has grown in popularity. However, the evidence base is small and does not explore inside the “black box” of the main strategic activities. To address this evidence deficiency and provide the first-ever primary study of this type of program, a comprehensive evaluation of a focused deterrence-based policing intervention for DV situated around the EMMIE (Effects, Mechanisms, Moderators, Implementation, and Economics) framework (Johnson et al., 2015) was conducted. A mixed-methods design was used to assess the framework\u27s five elements. The study consisted of process and impact evaluations of the Offender-Focused Domestic Violence Initiative (OFDVI) implemented in Hollywood, Florida, between 2015 and 2019. Police administrative data, including DV reports and arrests and UCR offense data, were used to identify DV trends in the city between 2008 and 2019. These trends were then compared to those in nearby jurisdictions. Domestic offender activity was analyzed to assess whether the program influenced offending patterns and recidivism. Thirty interviews and seven ride-alongs with on-duty officers were conducted to understand how the program was implemented across the department. Finally, a direct cost analysis was conducted to assess the financial burden of the intervention. The findings show that Hollywood experienced a sharp, statistically significant decline in the number of DV police reports filed during the study period. However, mixed-effects linear modeling indicated that the intervention was not associated with this decline; the region experienced a similar decrease in DV during the same period. Additionally, Cox Hazard Modeling showed that offenders who received the primary deterrence treatment implemented as part of the program, a letter, were likely to reoffend quicker than those who did not. Despite these negative results, the intervention was found to offer other benefits to police and the community that warrant further consideration for police departments seeking progressive, cost-effective strategies to reduce and prevent DV

Wildlife Crime: A Conceptual Integration, Literature Review, And Methodological Critique

Wildlife crime, including poaching and wildlife trafficking, threaten the existence of particular species. To date, research on wildlife crime has been primarily conducted by those with backgrounds in the biological sciences, however crime scientists, have much to offer in examining wildlife crimes. With this in mind, we aim to highlight general principals of crime science found through an in-depth review of the conservation literature. More specifically, to determine if, and how, different types of wildlife crimes cluster, to identify the existence of interventions for which the mechanisms mirror those found within SCP, and consider their effectiveness. Our review suggests that various types of wildlife crimes concentrate in time and space, among products, along certain routes, and at particular facilities. Further, some overlap exists between mechanisms used to mitigate more traditional crimes and those used to prevent wildlife crimes and protect threatened species. Of note are the attempts by those in the conservation community to increase the risk of crime, remove excuses for non-compliance of rules, and reduce provocations that contribute to particular types of wildlife crime. Given this overlap crime scientists may be able to collaborate with conservationists to draw on the extensive knowledge base of prevention studies to identify potential interventions, analyze their implementation, and evaluate the overall impact of an intervention

Wildlife crime: a conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique

Abstract Wildlife crime, including poaching and wildlife trafficking, threaten the existence of particular species. To date, research on wildlife crime has been primarily conducted by those with backgrounds in the biological sciences, however crime scientists, have much to offer in examining wildlife crimes. With this in mind, we aim to highlight general principals of crime science found through an in-depth review of the conservation literature. More specifically, to determine if, and how, different types of wildlife crimes cluster, to identify the existence of interventions for which the mechanisms mirror those found within SCP, and consider their effectiveness. Our review suggests that various types of wildlife crimes concentrate in time and space, among products, along certain routes, and at particular facilities. Further, some overlap exists between mechanisms used to mitigate more traditional crimes and those used to prevent wildlife crimes and protect threatened species. Of note are the attempts by those in the conservation community to increase the risk of crime, remove excuses for non-compliance of rules, and reduce provocations that contribute to particular types of wildlife crime. Given this overlap crime scientists may be able to collaborate with conservationists to draw on the extensive knowledge base of prevention studies to identify potential interventions, analyze their implementation, and evaluate the overall impact of an intervention