Design and fabrication of natural woven fabric reinforced epoxy composite for household telephone stand

In the recent era there has been an increasing interest in composite materials for its applications in the field of aerospace, sports, industries, medical, and in many other fields of engineering including household furniture. This paper deals with the design and fabrication of banana woven fabric reinforcement epoxy composite for household telephone stand. A systematic approach of total design process is presented for better understanding of the best design concept for the product. The fabrication process of composite telephone stand using banana woven fabric is also described in this paper

Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Interface Characterisation by Pull-Out Test.

Polymer composites using natural fibres as the reinforcing agents have found their use in many applications. However, they do suffer from a few limitations, due to the hydrophilicity of the natural fibres which results in low compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrices. This paper aims to determine the best sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre surface treatment to improve the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. Fibre surface modifications were carried out by water retting process where the fibres were immersed in sea water, pond water and sewage water for the period of 3 days. The test samples were fabricated by placing a single fibre in an unsaturated polyester resin. Single-fibre pull-out tests showed that freshwater-treated fibres possessed the highest interfacial shear strength, followed by untreated fibres, sewage water-treated fibres, and sea water-treated fibres. Further surface analyses of the samples were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) system. (2011) Trans Tech Publications

Linear-nonlinear stiffness responses of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials and structures: a numerical study

The stiffness response or load-deformation/displacement behavior is the most important mechanical behavior that frequently being utilized for validation of the mathematical-physical models representing the mechanical behavior of solid objects in numerical method, compared to actual experimental data. This numerical study aims to investigate the linear-nonlinear stiffness behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites at material and structural levels, and its dependency to the sets of individual/group elastic and damage model parameters. In this regard, a validated constitutive damage model, elastic-damage properties as reference data, and simulation process, that account for elastic, yielding, and damage evolution, are considered in the finite element model development process. The linear-nonlinear stiffness responses of four cases are examined, including a unidirectional CFRP composite laminate (material level) under tensile load, and also three multidirectional composite structures under flexural loads. The result indicated a direct dependency of the stiffness response at the material level to the elastic properties. However, the stiffness behavior of the composite structures depends both on the structural configuration, geometry, lay-ups as well as the mechanical properties of the CFRP composite. The value of maximum reaction force and displacement of the composite structures, as well as the nonlinear response of the structures are highly dependent not only to the mechanical properties, but also to the geometry and the configuration of the structures

DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF AUTOMOTIVE BUMPER BEAM AT THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN STAGE

Development of a given engineering automotive component is a crucial process. Determining various factors that influence the development process of product is very important. This paper presents the development of automotive bumper beam at the conceptual design stage. The total design approach was employed to generate and design the conceptual design of automotive bumper beam. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assist designers in determining the most appropriate decisions at the conceptual design stage. The paper reveals that the design concept 6 (DC-6) with a weight of 0.191 (19.1%) is the most appropriate decision during the development process at the conceptual design stage

Karakteristik Kekuatan Campuran Hrs-wc Akibat Perubahan Susunan Saringan

This study aims to determine how much influence the proportion of aggregate mixture due to missing one or two sieve fractions of mixture Hrs-wc and measure how much force the mixture against the road pavement structure with the characteristic parameter Marshall due to missing one or two sieve fractions. For the results of the experiments that have been done show that the normal use of the filter, without filter and without filter 3/8 8 shows the results were quite varied although the total amount of aggregate use roughly the same at 41.5%, for the normal filter produces the best KAO with 7 , 07%, the highest stability values ​​(1305 Kg), Flow (4.20 mm), VIM (4.75%), VFB (81.5%) and MQ (310.7 kg / mm). The results of the overall marshall test obtained for unscreened 3/8 and 8 available KAO value (7.07%) and (7.25%) with a value of stability (in 1160 and 1050 Kg), a value flow (4.08 mm and 3.90 mm), the value MQ (284.3 Kg / mm and 269.2 kg / mm), the value of the VFB (81.0% and 79.5%), the value of VIM (4.90% and 5.50 %). The results of the three variations indicate that the change in the composition sieve fraction does not significantly affect the strength characteristics of asphalt mix everything still meet the standards of the general specifications of the public works agency Directorate General of Highways

Mechanical properties study of pseudo-stem banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite

The source of banana fiber is the waste banana trunks or stems which are abundant in many places in the world. Therefore, composites of high–strength pseudo-stem banana woven fabric reinforcement polymer can be used in a broad range of applications. The objective of this paper is to study the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of pseudostem banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites

Mechanical and thermal properties of sugar palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites: effect of silane treatment and fiber loading

The aim of the present study was to develop sugar palm fiber (SPF) reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites and to investigate the effects of fiber surface modification by 2% silane treatment and fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the obtained composites. Surface treatment was employed to improve the fiber-matrix interface, which was expected to boost the mechanical strength of the composites, in terms of tensile, flexural and impact properties. Thermal properties were also investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to assess the thermal stability of the developed composites. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the tensile fracture samples of composites with a view towards evaluating the effects of fiber surface treatments on the fiber/matrix interfacial bonding. The findings of this study reveal that the silane treatment has determined good bonding and linkage of the cellulose fiber to the TPU matrix, hence contributing to enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The composite formulation with 40 wt% sugar palm fiber loading showed optimum values such as 17.22 MPa for tensile, 13.96 MPa for flexural, and 15.47 kJ/m2 for impact strength. Moreover, the formulations with higher fiber content exhibited satisfactory values of storage modulus and thermal degradation, while their good interfacial adhesion was evidenced by SEM images

Mechanical performance of roselle/sugar palm fiber hybrid reinforced polyurethane composites

The effect of sugar palm fiber (SPF) loading was studied relative to the mechanical properties of roselle (RF)/SPF/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) hybrid composites. RF/SPF/TPU hybrid composites were fabricated at different weight ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) by melt mixing and hot compression. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact test) and morphological properties of tensile fractured samples were examined using a universal testing machine, impact machine, and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the hybridization of RF/SPF increased its impact strength corresponding to the increases in the SPF content of the composites. The tensile and flexural properties of the hybrid composites decreased due to poor interfacial bonding between the fiber and matrix. Scanning electron micrographs of the tensile fractured surface of the RF/SPF hybrid composites revealed fiber pullouts and poor adhesion bonding. In conclusion, the hybridization of SPF with RF/TPU composites enhanced its impact strength while decreasing the tensile and flexural strength

Effect of seaweed on physical properties of thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar composites

The aim of this paper is to investigate the physical properties of thermoplastic sugar palm starch/agar (TPSA) blend when incorporated with seaweed. The ratio of starch, agar, and glycerol for TPSA was maintained at 70:30:30. Seaweed with various contents (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) were mixed with TPSA matrix via melt mixing before compression were molded into 3 mm plate at 140oC for 10 minutes. The prepared laminates were characterized for moisture absorption, water absorption, thickness swelling, water solubility, and density. The results showed that increasing seaweed loading from 0 to 40 wt% has led to a drop in moisture content from 6.50 to 4.96% and 9% reduction of the density. TPSA matrix showed 52.5% water uptake and 32.3% swelling whereas TPSA/seaweed composites (40 wt% loading) showed 97% water uptake and 74.8% swelling respectively. Higher water solubility was also shown by TPSA/seaweed composites (57 wt%) compared to that of the TPSA matrix (26 wt%). After 16 days of storage, the equilibrium moisture content for TPSA and TPSA/seaweed (40 wt% loading) were 23.2 and 25.2% respectively. In conclusion, TPSA/seaweed composites show good environmental friendly characteristics as a renewable material. In future, the properties of this material can be further improved by hybridization with more hydrophobic fillers for better resistance against water

A note on the conceptual design of polymeric composite automotive bumper system

In this paper, a conceptual design approach to the development of polymeric-based composite automotive bumper system is presented. Various methods of creativity, such as mindmapping, product design specifications, brainstorming, morphology chart, analogy and weighted objective methods are employed for the development of composite bumper fascia and for the selection of materials for bumper system. The evaluation of conceptual design for bumper fascia is carried out using weighted objective method and highest utility value is appeared to be the best design concept. Polymer-based composites are the best materials for bumper fascia which are aesthetically pleasant, lighter weight and offer many more substantial advantages