98 research outputs found
Development that works, March 31, 2011
This repository item contains a single issue of the Pardee Conference Series, On March 31, 2011, more than 100 people participated in a conference titled
âDevelopment That Works,â sponsored by Boston Universityâs Frederick S.
Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future in collaboration with the
BU Global Development program. In the pages that follow, four essays written
by Boston University graduate students capture the salient points and overarching
themes from the four sessions, each of which featured presentations by
outstanding scholars and practitioners working in the field of development. The
conference agenda and speakersâ biographies are included following the essays.The theme and the title of the conferenceââDevelopment That Worksââstemmed from the conference organizersâ desire to explore, from a groundlevel perspective, what programs, policies, and practices have been shownâor appear to have the potentialâto achieve sustained, long-term advances in
development in various parts of the world. The intent was not to simply showcase
âsuccess stories,â but rather to explore the larger concepts and opportunities
that have resulted in development that is meaningful and sustainable
over time. The presentations and discussions focused on critical assessments
of why and how some programs take hold, and what can be learned from
them. From the influence of global economic structures to innovative private sector
programs and the need to evaluate development programs at the
âgranularâ level, the expert panelists provided well-informed and often provocative
perspectives on what is and isnât working in development programs
today, and what could work better in the future
Gender Difference or Parallel Publics? The Dynamics of Defense Spending Opinions in the United States, 1965-2007
Gender is now recognized as an important dividing line in American political life, and
scholars have accumulated evidence that national security issues are an important
reason for gender differences in policy preferences. We therefore expect that the
dynamics of support for defense spending among men and women will differ. In
contrast, several scholars have shown that population subgroups exhibit a ââparallelââ
dynamic in which the evolution of their preferences over time is very similar, despite
differences in the average level of support. Unfortunately, there is little time series
evidence on gendered reactions to policy, including defense spending, that would
allow one to arbitrate between these competing perspectives. In this research note,
we assemble a time series of support for defense spending among men and women
and model the determinants of that support for the period 1967â2007. We find that
women are on average less supportive of defense spending than are men. However,
we also find that the over time variation of support for defense spending among men
and women is very similarâeach is conditioned principally by the past yearâs change
in defense spending and occasionally by war casualties and a trade-off between
defense and civilian spending
The problem of constitutional legitimation: what the debate on electoral quotas tells us about the legitimacy of decision-making rules in constitutional choice
Proponents of electoral quotas have a âdependent interpretationâ of democracy, i.e. they have formed an opinion on which decision-making rules are fair on the basis of their prior approval of the outcomes these rules are likely to generate. The article argues that this position causes an irresolvable problem for constitutional processes that seek to legitimately enact institutional change. While constitutional revision governed by formal equality allows the introduction of electoral quotas, this avenue is normatively untenable for proponents of affirmative action if they are consistent with their claim that formal equality reproduces biases and power asymmetries at all levels of decision-making. Their critique raises a fundamental challenge to the constitutional revision rule itself as equally unfair. Without consensus on the decision-making process by which new post-constitutional rules can be legitimately enacted, procedural fairness becomes an issue impossible to resolve at the stage of constitutional choice. This problem of legitimation affects all instances of constitutional choice in which there are opposing views not only about the desired outcome of the process but also about the decision-making rules that govern constitutional choice
Socialization to and from Politics: Political Gender Role Norms Among Women.
Ph.D.Political scienceUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/157529/1/7708029.pd
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