Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en équidos del municipio de Coromoro (Santander, Colombia)

Introdução: o cultivo tradicional da cana-de-açúcar é uma das principais atividades econômicas no estado de Santander. Seu processo agroindustrial demanda um elevado número de equinos (cavalar, asinino ou muar) para seu transporte ao trapiche e posterior transformação em rapadura. Assim como em outros modelos produtivos, esses animais acabam sendo afetados pelo parasitismo gastrointestinal. A diversidade de condições ambientais, tecnológicas e socioeconômicas recomenda identificar esses parasitas e avaliar sua presença para propor ações de prevenção e controle com melhor informação. Devido à sua população equina e à sua importância, escolheu-se o município de Coromoro (Santander) para o qual não se encontraram relatórios nem estudos prévios. Materiais e métodos: em 10 regiões desse município, tomaram-se amostras de matéria fecal de 100 equídeos de diferentes idades. As amostras foram analisadas mediante a técnica de McMaster no laboratório da Clínica Veterinária Grandes e Pequenos Animais, e os resultados foram analisados com a estatística descritiva, utilizando o Microsoft Office Excel® 2010. Resultados: constatou-se que 23% dos animais tinham poliparasitismo com diferentes espécies, sendo o Oxyuris mais frequente em animais jovens, enquanto não se determinou sua presença em animais adultos. Trichostrongylus foi constatado com mais frequência tanto em jovens quanto em adultos, com 59% das amostras processadas. Outros parasitas encontrados foram Strongylus em 16% e Trichonema em 2% dos animais. Conclusões: encontraram-se parasitas em 71% dos espécimes, o que indica o carácter endêmico do parasitismo, circunstância que permite supor diversos graus de afetação da saúde e, em consequência, da capacidade produtiva dos animais. Faz-se necessário realizar estudos para avaliar o impacto econômico do parasitismo a fim de desenhar estratégias racionais de prevenção e controle na área estudada.Introducción: el cultivo tradicional de la caña panelera es una de las principales actividades económicas en el departamento de Santander. Su proceso agroindustrial demanda un elevado número de equinos (caballares, asnales y mulares) para su transporte al trapiche y posterior transformación en panela. Al igual que en otros modelos productivos, estos animales resultan afectados por el parasitismo gastrointestinal. La diversidad de condiciones ambientales, tecnológicas y socioeconómicas recomienda identificar estos parásitos y valorar su presencia para proponer acciones de prevención y control con mejor información. Dada su población equina y su importancia, se escogió el municipio de Coromoro (Santander) para el cual no se encontraron reportes ni estudios previos. Materiales y métodos: en 10 veredas de este municipio, se tomaron muestras de materia fecal de 100 équidos de diferentes edades. Las muestras se analizaron mediante la técnica de McMaster en el laboratorio de la Clínica Veterinaria Grandes y Pequeños Animales, y los resultados fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, utilizando Microsoft Office Excel® 2010. Resultados: se encontró que el 23% de los animales tenía poliparasitismo con diferentes especies, siendo el Oxyuris más frecuente en animales jóvenes, en tanto que no se determinó su presencia en animales adultos. Trichostrongylus se encontró con mayor frecuencia, tanto en jóvenes como en adultos, reportándose en el 59% de las muestras procesadas. Otros parásitos encontrados fueron Strongylus en el 16% y Trichonema en el 2% de los animales. Conclusiones: se encontraron parásitos en el 71% de los especímenes, indicando el carácter endémico del parasitismo, circunstancia que permite suponer diversos grados de afectación de la salud y, consecuentemente, de la capacidad productiva de los animales. Se hace necesario adelantar estudios para evaluar el impacto económico del parasitismo a fin de diseñar estrategias racionales de prevención y control en el área estudiada

MARISMA-BiDa: Gestión y Control del riesgo en Big Data. Caso de Estudio

En la actualidad, se genera una gran cantidad de información debido a la amplia hiperconectividad y sensorización del mundo que nos rodea. Esta información es considerada como uno de los activos más importantes para las empresas en todos los campos. El continuo crecimiento en la importancia y el volumen de datos ha creado un nuevo problema: no puede ser manejado por las técnicas de análisis tradicionales. Este problema se resolvió, por lo tanto, mediante la creación de un nuevo paradigma: Big Data. Sin embargo, Big Data originó nuevos problemas relacionados no sólo con el volumen o la variedad de los datos, sino también con la seguridad y privacidad de los datos. Al adoptar nuevas soluciones tecnológicas como Big Data, todos los riesgos deben ser identificados y gestionados. En este artículo se presenta un caso de estudio de la aplicación de una técnica de análisis y gestión de riesgos para entornos Big Data, guiada por una metodología de gestión de la seguridad (MARISMA) y soportada por un entorno tecnológico en la nube (eMARISMA). La propuesta, denominada MARISMA-BiDa es un patrón específico para Big Data que contiene los elementos necesarios para facilitar la aplicación de la metodología de análisis y gestión de riesgos MARISMA en un entorno específico y siguiendo los principales estándares y recomendaciones internacionales relacionados con Big Data (ISO/IEC, NIST, ENISA)

Definiendo Métricas para la Gestión Dinámica del riesgo, mediante la metodología MARISMA

En una sociedad en que los sistemas de Análisis y Gestión del riesgo son cada vez más necesarios para la correcta Gestión de la Seguridad de las compañías, surge la problemática de cómo hacer que estos sistemas pueden evolucionar y aprender de una forma natural, contando con la mayor información posible. Esta evolución del riesgo tiene que estar asociada con los eventos que ocurren dentro de la compañía, tanto los que pueden ser automatizados como los que deben gestionarse de forma manual, pero también debe poder asociarse con los riesgos externos que cambian con el tiempo. En este artículo presentamos algunas de las métricas que se han definido dentro de la metodología MARISMA (Methodology for the Analysis of Risks on Information System, using Meta-Pattern and Adaptability), con el objetivo de conseguir que los análisis de riesgos sean capaces de evolucionar de forma dinámica teniendo en cuenta elementos internos y externos, incluso los asociados con riesgos de terceras compañías

Acenocoumarol Pharmacogenetic Dosing Algorithm versus Usual Care in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) require immediate treatment with anticoagulants such as acenocoumarol. This multicentre randomised clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of a dosing pharmacogenetic algorithm versus a standard-of-care dose adjustment at the beginning of acenocoumarol treatment. We included 144 patients with VTE. On the day of recruitment, a blood sample was obtained for genotyping (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1, CYP4F2, APOE). Dose adjustment was performed on day 3 or 4 after the start of treatment according to the assigned group and the follow-up was at 12 weeks. The principal variable was the percentage of patients with an international normalised ratio (INR) within the therapeutic range on day 7. Thirty-four (47.2%) patients had an INR within the therapeutic range at day 7 after the start of treatment in the genotype-guided group compared with 14 (21.9%) in the control group (p = 0.0023). There were no significant differences in the time to achieve a stable INR, the number of INRs within the range in the first 6 weeks and at the end of study. Our results suggest the use of a pharmacogenetic algorithm for patients with VTE could be useful in achieving target INR control in the first days of treatment

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true