Abordagem de uma Paciente com Fibrilaçao Atrial e Insuficiência Cardíaca Tratada com Ablaçao do Nó Atrioventricular e Marcapasso Multissítio

Paciente do sexo feminino, com58anos, portadora de cardiomiopatia dilatada, acompanhada desde 1984 por apresentar insuficiência cardíaca e hipertensao arterial. Na evoluçao, apresentou bloqueio de ramo esquerdo e fibrilaçao atrial. No final de 1999, mesmo com a medicaçao adequada e otimizada para insuficiência cardíaca, apresentava-se em grau funcional IV e as internaçoes hospitalares haviam se tornando cada vez mais freqüentes. Em janeiro de 2000, optou-se pela ablaçao do nó atrioventricular e pelo implante de um marcapasso endocárdico bifocal multissítio em ventrículo direito. Desde entao vem evoluindo bem, com menor número de medicamentos e raras internaçoes

Abordagem de uma Paciente com Fibrilaçao Atrial e Insuficiência Cardíaca Tratada com Ablaçao do Nó Atrioventricular e Marcapasso Multissítio

Paciente do sexo feminino, com58anos, portadora de cardiomiopatia dilatada, acompanhada desde 1984 por apresentar insuficiência cardíaca e hipertensao arterial. Na evoluçao, apresentou bloqueio de ramo esquerdo e fibrilaçao atrial. No final de 1999, mesmo com a medicaçao adequada e otimizada para insuficiência cardíaca, apresentava-se em grau funcional IV e as internaçoes hospitalares haviam se tornando cada vez mais freqüentes. Em janeiro de 2000, optou-se pela ablaçao do nó atrioventricular e pelo implante de um marcapasso endocárdico bifocal multissítio em ventrículo direito. Desde entao vem evoluindo bem, com menor número de medicamentos e raras internaçoes

Uniformity of rotavirus strain nomenclature proposed by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG)

In April 2008, a nucleotide-sequence-based, complete genome classification system was developed for group A rotaviruses (RVs). This system assigns a specific genotype to each of the 11 genome segments of a particular RV strain according to established nucleotide percent cutoff values. Using this approach, the genome of individual RV strains are given the complete descriptor of Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx. The Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) was formed by scientists in the field to maintain, evaluate and develop the RV genotype classification system, in particular to aid in the designation of new genotypes. Since its conception, the group has ratified 51 new genotypes: as of April 2011, new genotypes for VP7 (G20-G27), VP4 (P[28]-P[35]), VP6 (I12-I16), VP1 (R5-R9), VP2 (C6-C9), VP3 (M7-M8), NSP1 (A15-A16), NSP2 (N6-N9), NSP3 (T8-T12), NSP4 (E12-E14) and NSP5/6 (H7-H11) have been defined for RV strains recovered from humans, cows, pigs, horses, mice, South American camelids (guanaco), chickens, turkeys, pheasants, bats and a sugar glider. With increasing numbers of complete RV genome sequences becoming available, a standardized RV strain nomenclature system is needed, and the RCWG proposes that individual RV strains are named as follows: RV group/species of origin/country of identification/common name/year of identification/G- and P-type. In collaboration with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), the RCWG is also working on developing a RV-specific resource for the deposition of nucleotide sequences. This resource will provide useful information regarding RV strains, including, but not limited to, the individual gene genotypes and epidemiological and clinical information. Together, the proposed nomenclature system and the NCBI RV resource will offer highly useful tools for investigators to search for, retrieve, and analyze the ever-growing volume of RV genomic data.Fil: Matthijnssens, Jelle. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; BélgicaFil: Ciarlet, Max. Novartis Vaccines & Diagnostics; Estados UnidosFil: McDonald, Sarah M.. National Institute Of Allegry & Infectious Diseases (niaid) ; National Institutes Of Health;Fil: Attoui, Houssam. Animal Health Trust.; Reino UnidoFil: Bányai, Krisztián. Hungarian Academy of Sciences; HungríaFil: Brister, J. Rodney. National Library Of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Buesa, Javier. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Esona, Mathew D.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Estes, Mary K.. Baylor College of Medicine; Estados UnidosFil: Gentsch, Jon R.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Iturriza Gómara, Miren. Health Protection Agency; Reino UnidoFil: Johne, Reimar. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; AlemaniaFil: Kirkwood, Carl D.. Royal Children's Hospital; AustraliaFil: Martella, Vito. Università degli Studi di Bari; ItaliaFil: Mertens, Peter P. C.. Animal Health Trust.; Reino UnidoFil: Nakagomi, Osamu. Nagasaki University; JapónFil: Parreño, Gladys Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Rahman, Mustafizur. International Centre For Diarrhoeal Disease Research; BangladeshFil: Ruggeri, Franco M.. Istituto Superiore Di Sanita; ItaliaFil: Saif, Linda J.. Ohio State University; Estados UnidosFil: Santos, Norma. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Steyer, Andrej. University of Ljubljan; EsloveniaFil: Taniguchi, Koki. Fujita Health University School of Medicine; JapónFil: Patton, John T.. National Institute Of Allegry & Infectious Diseases (niaid) ; National Institutes Of Health;Fil: Desselberger, Ulrich. University of Cambridge; Estados UnidosFil: van Ranst, Marc. Katholikie Universiteit Leuven; Bélgic

Exoerythrocytic Plasmodium Parasites Secrete a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Sporozoite Invasion and Capable of Blocking Cell Death of Host Hepatocytes

Plasmodium parasites must control cysteine protease activity that is critical for hepatocyte invasion by sporozoites, liver stage development, host cell survival and merozoite liberation. Here we show that exoerythrocytic P. berghei parasites express a potent cysteine protease inhibitor (PbICP, P. berghei inhibitor of cysteine proteases). We provide evidence that it has an important function in sporozoite invasion and is capable of blocking hepatocyte cell death. Pre-incubation with specific anti-PbICP antiserum significantly decreased the ability of sporozoites to infect hepatocytes and expression of PbICP in mammalian cells protects them against peroxide- and camptothecin-induced cell death. PbICP is secreted by sporozoites prior to and after hepatocyte invasion, localizes to the parasitophorous vacuole as well as to the parasite cytoplasm in the schizont stage and is released into the host cell cytoplasm at the end of the liver stage. Like its homolog falstatin/PfICP in P. falciparum, PbICP consists of a classical N-terminal signal peptide, a long N-terminal extension region and a chagasin-like C-terminal domain. In exoerythrocytic parasites, PbICP is posttranslationally processed, leading to liberation of the C-terminal chagasin-like domain. Biochemical analysis has revealed that both full-length PbICP and the truncated C-terminal domain are very potent inhibitors of cathepsin L-like host and parasite cysteine proteases. The results presented in this study suggest that the inhibitor plays an important role in sporozoite invasion of host cells and in parasite survival during liver stage development by inhibiting host cell proteases involved in programmed cell death

The 2021 Open-Data release by the Pierre Auger Collaboration

The Pierre Auger Observatory is used to study the extensive air-showers produced by cosmic rays above 1017 eV. The Observatory is operated by a Collaboration of about 400 scientists, engineers, technicians and students from more than 90 institutions in 18 countries. The Collaboration is committed to the public release of their data for the purpose of re-use by a wide community including professional scientists, in educational and outreach initiatives, and by citizen scientists. The Open Access Data for 2021 comprises 10% of the samples used for results reported at the Madison ICRC 2019, amounting to over 20000 showers measured with the surface-detector array and over 3000 showers recorded simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors. Data are available in pseudo-raw (JSON) format with summary CSV file containing the reconstructed parameters. A dedicated website is used to host the datasets that are available for download. Their detailed description, along with auxiliary information needed for data analysis, is given. An online event display is also available. Simplified codes derived from those used for published analyses are provided by means of Python notebooks prepared to guide the reader to an understanding of the physics results. Here we describe the Open Access data, discuss the notebooks available and show material accessible to the user at https://opendata.auger.org/

The XY Scanner – A Versatile Method of the Absolute End-to-End Calibration of Fluorescence Detectors

One of the crucial detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory is the fluorescence detector composed of 27 large-aperture wide-angle Schmidt telescopes. In the past, these telescopes were absolutely calibrated by illuminating the whole aperture with a uniform large-diameter light source. This absolute calibration was performed roughly once every three years, while a relative calibration was performed on a nightly basis. In this contribution, a new technique for an absolute end-to-end calibration of the fluorescence telescopes is presented. For this technique, a portable, calibrated light source mounted on a rail system is moved across the aperture of each telescope instead of illuminating the whole aperture at once. A dedicated setup using a combination of NIST traceable photodiodes to measure the mean intensity and a PMT for pulse-to-pulse stability tracking has been built for the absolute calibration of the light source. As a result of these complementary measurements, the pulse-to-pulse light source intensity can be known to the 3.5% uncertainty level. The analysis of the readout of the PMT camera at each position of the light source together with the knowledge of the light source emission provides an absolute end-to-end calibration of the telescope. We will give a brief overview of this novel calibration method and its current status as well as show preliminary results from the measurement campaigns performed so far

A combined fit of energy spectrum, shower depth distribution and arrival directions to constrain astrophysical models of UHECR sources

The combined fit of the measured energy spectrum and distribution of depths of shower maximum of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is known to constrain the parameters of astrophysical scenarios with homogeneous source distributions. Further measurements show that the cosmic-ray arrival directions agree better with the directions and fluxes of catalogs of starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei than with isotropy. Here, we present a novel combination of both analyses. For that, a three-dimensional universe model containing a nearby source population and a homogeneous background source distribution is built, and its parameters are adapted using a combined fit of the energy spectrum, depth of shower maximum distribution and energy-dependent arrival directions. The model takes into account a symmetric magnetic field blurring, source evolution and interactions during propagation. We use simulated data, which resemble measurements of the Pierre Auger Observatory, to evaluate the method’s sensitivity. With this, we are able to verify that the source parameters as well as the fraction of events from the nearby source population and the size of the magnetic field blurring are determined correctly, and that the data is described by the fitted model including the catalog sources with their respective fluxes and three-dimensional positions. We demonstrate that by combining all three measurements we reach the sensitivity necessary to discriminate between the catalogs of starburst galaxies and active galactic nuclei

Status and performance of the underground muon detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array (AMIGA) is an enhancement of the Pierre Auger Observatory, whose purpose is to lower the energy threshold of the observatory down to 1016.5 eV, and to measure the muonic content of air showers directly. These measurements will significantly contribute to the determination of primary particle masses in the range between the second knee and the ankle, to the study of hadronic interaction models with air showers, and, in turn, to the understanding of the muon puzzle. The underground muon detector of AMIGA is concomitant to two triangular grids of water-Cherenkov stations with spacings of 433 and 750 m; each grid position is equipped with a 30 m2 plastic scintillator buried at 2.3 m depth. After the engineering array completion in early 2018 and general improvements to the design, the production phase commenced. In this work, we report on the status of the underground muon detector, the progress of its deployment, and the performance achieved after two years of operation. The detector construction is foreseen to finish by mid-2022

The depth of the shower maximum of air showers measured with AERA

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is currently the largest array of radio antennas for the detection of cosmic rays, spanning an area of 17 km2 with 153 radio antennas, measuring in the energy range from 1017.0 to 1019.0 eV. It detects the radio emission of extensive air showers produced by cosmic rays in the 30 − 80 MHz band. The cosmic-ray mass composition is a crucial piece of information in determining the sources of cosmic rays and their acceleration mechanisms. The depth of the shower maximum, Xmax, a probe for mass composition can be determined with a likelihood analysis that compares the measured radio-emission footprint on the ground to an ensemble of footprints from CORSIKA/CoREAS Monte-Carlo air shower simulations. These simulations are also used to determine the resolution of the method and to validate the reconstruction by identifying and correcting for systematic uncertainties. We will present the method for the reconstruction of the depth of the shower maximum, achieving a resolution of up to 15 g/cm2, show compatibility with the independent fluorescence detector reconstruction measured on an event-by-event basis, and show that the data taken over the past seven years with AERA shows a light cosmic-ray mass composition reconstruction in the energy range from 1017.5 to 1018.8 eV

Study on multi-ELVES in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Since 2013, the four sites of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory record ELVES with a dedicated trigger. These UV light emissions are correlated to distant lightning strikes. The length of recorded traces has been increased from 100 μs (2013), to 300 μs (2014-16), to 900 μs (2017-present), to progressively extend the observation of the light emission towards the vertical of the causative lightning and beyond. A large fraction of the observed events shows double ELVES within the time window, and, in some cases, even more complex structures are observed. The nature of the multi-ELVES is not completely understood but may be related to the different types of lightning in which they are originated. For example, it is known that Narrow Bipolar Events can produce double ELVES, and Energetic In-cloud Pulses, occurring between the main negative and upper positive charge layer of clouds, can induce double and even quadruple ELVES in the ionosphere. This report shows the seasonal and daily dependence of the time gap, amplitude ratio, and correlation between the pulse widths of the peaks in a sample of 1000+ multi-ELVES events recorded during the period 2014-20. The events have been compared with data from other satellite and ground-based sensing devices to study the correlation of their properties with lightning observables such as altitude and polarity