Provision of health care actions and services for the management of HIV/AIDS from the users’ perspective

Objective To analyse the provision of health care actions and services for people living with AIDS and receiving specialised care in Ribeirão Preto, SP. Method A descriptive, exploratory, survey-type study that consisted of interviews with structured questionnaires and data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results The provision of health care actions and services is perceived as fair. For the 301 subjects, routine care provided by the reference team, laboratory tests and the availability of antiretroviral drugs, vaccines and condoms obtained satisfactory evaluations. The provision of tests for the prevention and diagnosis of comorbidities was assessed as fair, whereas the provisions of specialised care by other professionals, psychosocial support groups and medicines for the prevention of antiretroviral side effects were assessed as unsatisfactory. Conclusion Shortcomings were observed in follow-up and care management along with a predominantly biological, doctor-centred focus in which clinical control and access to antiretroviral therapy comprise the essential focus of the care provided

How reproducible are surface areas calculated from the BET equation?

Porosity and surface area analysis play a prominent role in modern materials science. At the heart of this sits the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, which has been a remarkably successful contribution to the field of materials science. The BET method was developed in the 1930s for open surfaces but is now the most widely used metric for the estimation of surface areas of micro- and mesoporous materials. Despite its widespread use, the calculation of BET surface areas causes a spread in reported areas, resulting in reproducibility problems in both academia and industry. To prove this, for this analysis, 18 already-measured raw adsorption isotherms were provided to sixty-one labs, who were asked to calculate the corresponding BET areas. This round-robin exercise resulted in a wide range of values. Here, the reproducibility of BET area determination from identical isotherms is demonstrated to be a largely ignored issue, raising critical concerns over the reliability of reported BET areas. To solve this major issue, a new computational approach to accurately and systematically determine the BET area of nanoporous materials is developed. The software, called "BET surface identification" (BETSI), expands on the well-known Rouquerol criteria and makes an unambiguous BET area assignment possible

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Significance Communicating in ways that motivate engagement in social distancing remains a critical global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested motivational qualities of messages about social distancing (those that promoted choice and agency vs. those that were forceful and shaming) in 25,718 people in 89 countries. The autonomy-supportive message decreased feelings of defying social distancing recommendations relative to the controlling message, and the controlling message increased controlled motivation, a less effective form of motivation, relative to no message. Message type did not impact intentions to socially distance, but people’s existing motivations were related to intentions. Findings were generalizable across a geographically diverse sample and may inform public health communication strategies in this and future global health emergencies. Abstract Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

Amamentação: a prática do enfermeiro na perspectiva da Classificação Internacional de Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva

Estudo descritivo exploratório que objetivou descrever os diagnósticos e as intervenções de Enfermagem sob a perspectiva da Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - CIPESC® na atenção à Saúde da Mulher, subtema Pré-Natal e Puerpério, correlacionando-os com as competências do Enfermeiro no Programa Mãe Curitibana. Os dados utilizados foram os diagnósticos e intervenções gerados nas consultas de Enfermagem nos meses de abril a julho de 2005 e trabalhados em estatística simples. O diagnóstico Amamentação Adequada foi o mais frequente e as intervenções mais acionadas relacionam-se ao fortalecimento da usuária frente ao processo saúde-doença (68,9%). Apesar da atuação do Enfermeiro no puerpério, esta competência não consta do Protocolo do Programa. Concluiu-se que são necessários pequenos ajustes nos diagnósticos analisados e uma revisão do Protocolo para abrigar as competências do Enfermeiro que são desenvolvidas em sua prática nos serviços de saúde, conforme constam nos registros da base CIPESC®

Diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para crianças na Clínica Pediátrica de um hospital escola

Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, desenvolvida com os objetivos de construir afirmativas de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para crianças internadas na Clínica Pediátrica de um hospital escola, tendo como base o Banco de Termos da Linguagem Especial de Enfermagem da referida Clínica Pediátrica e a CIPE® Versão 1.0; e de validar as afirmativas construídas com a participação de enfermeiros experts. Foram elaboradas 107 afirmativas de diagnósticos / resultados de enfermagem, das quais 48 atingiram IC >0.8 (44,85%) entre os enfermeiros experts, no processo de validação. Para estas 48 afirmativas, foram elaboradas 330 intervenções de enfermagem, das quais 270 alcançaram IC >0.8 (81,81%) entre os enfermeiros experts. Acredita-se que a utilização dessas afirmativas poderá representar um relevante instrumento no processo de sistematização da assistência de enfermagem na Clínica Pediátrica do hospital escola