Prevalencia de ectoparásitos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de crianza familiar-comercial en el distrito de Matahuasi, Junín (Perú)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ectoparasites in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) of family-commercial breeding in the district of Matahuasi, Junín, Peru, as well as to identify parasitic species, type of parasitic association and evaluate the association between the presence of ectoparasites and the productive stage and sex variables. A total of 299 guinea pigs were evaluated between January and March 2017. Ectoparasites were collected using four techniques (deep skin scraping, adhesive tape, trichogram and fine combing). The ectoparasites were examined by direct observation under the microscope at 10X and 40X, and in some cases they were rinsed with 10% KOH. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 67.0 ± 5.3%, identifying three species of acariforms (63.0 ± 5.5%) and one species of Phthiraptera (12.0 ± 3.7%). Among the acariforms, Ornithonyssus bursa (53%), Chirodiscoides caviae (15%) and Dermanyssus gallinae (7%) were identified. The Phthiraptera species was Gliricola porcelli (12%). Monoparasitism was the most frequent (75%). No significant association was found between the presence of ectoparasites and the productive stage and sex variables.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de ectoparásitos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de crianza familiar-comercial en el distrito de Matahuasi, Junín, Perú, así como identificar las especies parasitarias, tipo de asociación parasitaria y evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de ectoparásitos y las variables etapa productiva y sexo. Se evaluaron 299 cuyes entre enero y marzo de 2017. Los ectoparásitos fueron recolectados mediante cuatro técnicas (raspado profundo de piel, cinta adhesiva, tricograma y peinado fino). Los ectoparásitos fueron examinados por observación directa al microscopio a 10X y 40X, y en algunos casos fueron aclarados con KOH al 10%. Se encontró una prevalencia de 67.0 ± 5.3%, identificándose tres especies de acariformes (63.0 ± 5.5%) y una especie de Phthiraptera (12.0 ± 3.7%). Dentro de los acariformes se identificó Ornithonyssus bursa (53%), Chirodiscoides caviae (15%) y Dermanyssus gallinae (7%). La especie Phthiraptera fue Gliricola porcelli (12%). El monoparasitismo fue el más frecuente (75%). No se encontró asociación significativa entre la presencia de ectoparásitos y las variables etapa productiva y sexo

Cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment and therapeutic outcomes in special populations: A collaborative retrospective study.

BackgroundTreatment guidance for children and older adult patients affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is unclear due to limited representation of these groups in clinical trials.MethodsWe conducted a collaborative retrospective study to describe the effectiveness and safety of antileishmanial treatments in children ≤ 10 and adults ≥ 60 years of age, treated between 2014 and 2018 in ten CL referral centers in Latin America.Results2,037 clinical records were assessed for eligibility. Of them, the main reason for non-inclusion was lack of data on treatment follow-up and therapeutic response (182/242, 75% of children and 179/468, 38% of adults). Data on 1,325 eligible CL patients (736 children and 589 older adults) were analyzed. In both age groups, disease presentation was mild, with a median number of lesions of one (IQR: 1-2) and median lesion diameter of less than 3 cm. Less than 50% of the patients had data for two or more follow-up visits post-treatment (being only 28% in pediatric patients). Systemic antimonials were the most common monotherapy regimen in both age groups (590/736, 80.2% of children and 308/589, 52.3% of older adults) with overall cure rates of 54.6% (95% CI: 50.5-58.6%) and 68.2% (95% CI: 62.6-73.4%), respectively. Other treatments used include miltefosine, amphotericin B, intralesional antimonials, and pentamidine. Adverse reactions related to the main treatment were experienced in 11.9% (86/722) of children versus 38.4% (206/537) of older adults. Most adverse reactions were of mild intensity.ConclusionOur findings support the need for greater availability and use of alternatives to systemic antimonials, particularly local therapies, and development of strategies to improve patient follow-up across the region, with special attention to pediatric populations