Explicit diversification of event aspects for temporal summarization

During major events, such as emergencies and disasters, a large volume of information is reported on newswire and social media platforms. Temporal summarization (TS) approaches are used to automatically produce concise overviews of such events by extracting text snippets from related articles over time. Current TS approaches rely on a combination of event relevance and textual novelty for snippet selection. However, for events that span multiple days, textual novelty is often a poor criterion for selecting snippets, since many snippets are textually unique but are semantically redundant or non-informative. In this article, we propose a framework for the diversification of snippets using explicit event aspects, building on recent works in search result diversification. In particular, we first propose two techniques to identify explicit aspects that a user might want to see covered in a summary for different types of event. We then extend a state-of-the-art explicit diversification framework to maximize the coverage of these aspects when selecting summary snippets for unseen events. Through experimentation over the TREC TS 2013, 2014, and 2015 datasets, we show that explicit diversification for temporal summarization significantly outperforms classical novelty-based diversification, as the use of explicit event aspects reduces the amount of redundant and off-topic snippets returned, while also increasing summary timeliness

Refinement Step For Parameter Estimation In The Crs Method

The Common Reflection Surface (CRS) method is a powerful extension of the well established Common Midpoint (CMP) method in the sense that it is able to accept at each trace location on the zero-offset (ZO) section to be constructed, reflection data from source and receiver pairs that are arbitrarily located around that point. The CRS method uses the general hyperbolic moveout, that depends, in the 2D situation considered in this work, on three parameters. One of these parameters is the classical NMO velocity. As in the single-parameter CMP method, the CRS parameters or attributes are estimated by a direct application of suitable coherence analysis to the input multicoverage data. The estimation of the three CRS parameters is generally performed in two steps. The first step has a global character and aims in obtaining an initial estimate of the parameters. The second step has a local character, trying to refine the previous initial values to more accurate values. Here we focus on the refinement step assuming that initial estimates have been already provided. We review and compare three of these methods and compare their performances on illustrative synthetic and real data examples. Comparisons with the application of the conventional CMP method are also provided.213275286BIRGIN, E. et al. Restricted optimization as a due to last and accurate implementation of the common reflection surface stack method. Journal of Applied Geophysics, [S.I.], v. 42, p. 143-155, 1999CASTLE, R. J. A theory of normal move out. Geophysics, [S.I.], v. 59, p. 983-999, 1994CHIRA-OLIVA, P. et al. Formula for a 2D curved measurement surface and finite-offset reflections. Journal of Seismic Eylorotion, [S.I.], v. 10, p. 245-262, 2001GARABITO, G., (2001) Empilhamento de superfícies de reflexão comum: Uma nova seqüência de processamento usando otimização global e local. 2001, , Tese (Doutorado)-Universidade Federal do Pará, BelémGILL, P. E.MURRAY, W.WRIGHT, M. H. Pratical optimization. [S.I.]: Academic Press, 1981HUBRAL, P. Computing true amplitude reflections in a laterally inhomogeneous earth. Geophysics, [S.I.], v. 48, p. 1051-1062, 1983MANN, J. Extensions and application of the common reflection surface stack method. 2002. Thesis (PhD)-University of Karlsruhe, [S.I.], 2002MÜLLER, J. The common reflection surface stack method: seismic imaging without explicit knowledge of the velocity model. 1999. Thesis (PhD)-University of Karlsruhe, [S.I.], 1999NEIDEL, N.TANER, M. Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data. Geophysics, [S.I.], v. 36, p. 482-497, 197

Diversity and novelty in information retrieval

This tutorial aims to provide a unifying account of current research on diversity and novelty in different IR domains, namely, in the context of search engines, recommender systems, and data streams

Water Crisis In São Paulo Evaluated Under The Disaster's Point Of View

Brazil's Southeast region has been facing water supply challenges, especially concerning the metropolitan region of São Paulo, since 2014. We adressed the water crisis from the disaster's point of view, considering that one of the guiding features to characterize a disaster is the amount of affected people and the losses associated. In the situation under review, there are people directly affected, because of intermittent house water supply, and indirectly affected by the increase of prices for goods, since their production and manufacturing depend on the availability of water. We presented each of the stages of a disaster risk management: prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. The risk of water scarcity in São Paulo is only one aspect of the discussion involving the effectiveness of management processes and the need for investments in the area, especially in reducing wasteful distribution.191214

Recuperação De Atributos Sísmicos Utilizando A Migração Para Afastamento Nulo

A conventional processing, without a reliable adjustment in order to preserve the seismic amplitudes, could damage the mapping of the petrophysical properties, jeopardizing the correlation between the seismic data and the well profile. A manner to estimate correctly the amplitudes and, therefore, the reflection coefficients is to perform a pre-stack migration in true amplitude, where an amplitude distortion caused by the geometrical spreading throughout the ray path is compensated by the migration calculation. Nevertheless, this process has an expensive cost as well as is dependent from the velocity model. A routine less expensive than the other one and also more stable taking into account the velocity model, is to transform the seismic section obtained from the acquisition in common offsets in simulated section in zero offset with true amplitudes. This transformation is called true amplitude Zero Offset migration (TA MZO). In a media with constant velocity, the stack curve for the MZO and the weight function are reduced in analytic formulas, mitigating the computational effort. This work has two main objects: the first is to verify the TA MZO algorithm efficiency for a constant velocity in a synthetic model to a complex geology based on a Neo-Albian turbidity reservoir, where the assumption of constant velocity is not respected. The second one is to perform quantitative studies as results of the technique described above. Likewise, the study tries to analyze how useful is the methodology to compute the graphics for AVO and AVA analyses, helping the reservoir characterization.2015965Bleistein, N., Two and one half dimensional in plane wave propagation (1986) Geophysical Prospecting, 34, pp. 686-703. , S.IBleistein, N., Cohen, J., Jaramillo, H., True-amplitude transformation to zero offset of data from curved reflectors (1999) Geophysics, 64, pp. 112-129. , TulsaHubral, P., Tygel, M., Zien, H., Three-dimensional true-amplitude zero-offset migration (1991) Geophysics, 56, pp. 18-26. , TulsaSchleicher, J., A unified approach to 3D seismic reflection imaging. Part I: Basic concepts (1996) Geophysics, 61, pp. 742-758. , TulsaOliveira, A.S., Tygel, M., Filpo, E., On the application of true-amplitude DMO (1997) Journal of Seismic Exploration, 6, pp. 279-289. , Castelnau-le-LezRamos, A.C.B., True amplitude MZO and AVO: Application to real data (1997) International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society, 1, pp. 223-226. , 5., 1997, Rio de Janeiro. Proceedings. [Rio de Janeiro: SBGf], Expanded AbstractTygel, M., Multiple Weights in diffraction stack migration (1993) Geophysics, 59, pp. 1820-1830. , TulsaTygel, M., Schleicher, J., Hubral, P., Kirchhoff-Helmholtz theory in modelling and migration (1994) Journal of Seismic Exploration, 3, pp. 203-214. , Castelnau-le-LezP. Pulse distortion in deph migration (1994) Geophysics, 59, pp. 1561-1569. , TulsaTygel, M., Schleicher, J., Hubral, P., Dualities involving reflectors and reflection-time surfaces (1995) Journal of Seismic Exploration, 4, pp. 123-150. , Castelnau-le-LezTygel, M., Schleicher, J., Hubral, P., A unified approach to 3D seismic reflection imaging Part II: Theory (1996) Geophysics, 61, pp. 759-775. , TulsaTygel, M., Schleicher, J., Hubral, P., 2,5D Kirchhoff MZO in laterally inhomogeneous media (1998) Geophysics, 63, pp. 557-573. , TulsaTygel, M., Kirchhoff imaging for AVO/AVA (1999) The Leading Edge, 18, pp. 940-945. , S.

Effect of salt concentrations on in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of three salts (sodium chloride (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and calcium chloride (CaCl2)) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein substrates. Six salt concentrations were tested, separately, namely 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL. The experiment was conducted using the completely randomized design in a 6 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with main effects of salt concentration and salt type (six levels of three salts (NaCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2) (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/dL) into three substrates [starch, cellulose, and glucose]) with three replicates. Cellulose- and glucose-fermenting bacteria were sensitive to NaCl concentrations greater than 400 mg/dL (17.48 decisiemens per metre (dS/m)) and 800 mg/dL (20.55 dS/m) in the media, respectively. In contrast, starch-fermenting bacteria continued to grow in NaCl concentrations up to 1600 mg/dL (29.09 dS/m). Thus, it was concluded that starch-fermenting microorganisms tolerated higher concentrations of NaCl compared with the other microbial groups. Cellulose-fermenting microorganisms are less tolerant to MgCl2 in relation to the other microbial groups. Starch, cellulose-, and glucose-fermenting bacteria from cattle tolerate CaCl2 concentrations of up to 1600 mg/dL (12.26 dS/m). These results suggest that brackish water may be used for ruminants. However, it is important perform an analysis of that water and then to adjust diets to minimize the effects of types of salt and concentrations of salt on rumen microorganisms. Keywords: brackish water, dissolved salts, rumen microbes, water qualit

Blood Pressure And Cardiac Autonomic Modulation At Rest, During Exercise And Recovery Time In The Young Overweight

This study aimed to assess the blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, in physical exercise and in the recovery in untrained eutrophic (E) and overweight (O) youth. The body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic BP-SBP (E: 109.80 ± 10.05; O: 121.85 ± 6.98 mmHg) and diastolic BP DBP (E: 65.90 ± 7.28; O: 73.14 ± 12.22 mmHg) were higher in overweight and the heart rate recovery (%HRR) was lower as compared with E volunteers. The BMI was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.65), load on the heart rate variability threshold-HRVT (r=-0.46), %HRR2' (r=-0.48) and %HRR 5′ (r=-0.48), and WC was associated with SBP (r= 0.54), DBP (r= 0.64) and HRR2' (r=-0.49). The %HRR was associated to SBP, DBP and HRVT. In summary, the anthropometric variables, BP and cardiac autonomic modulation in the recovery are altered in overweight youth.221273

Acoustically Driven Stark Effect in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers

The Stark effect is one of the most efficient mechanisms to manipulate many-body states in nanostructured systems. In mono- and few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides, it has been successfully induced by optical and electric field means. Here, we tune the optical emission energies and dissociate excitonic states in MoSe2 monolayers employing the 220 MHz in-plane piezoelectric field carried by surface acoustic waves. We transfer the monolayers to high dielectric constant piezoelectric substrates, where the neutral exciton binding energy is reduced, allowing us to efficiently quench (above 90%) and red-shift the excitonic optical emissions. A model for the acoustically induced Stark effect yields neutral exciton and trion in-plane polarizabilities of 530 and 630 × 10-5 meV/(kV/cm)2, respectively, which are considerably larger than those reported for monolayers encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Large in-plane polarizabilities are an attractive ingredient to manipulate and modulate multiexciton interactions in two-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures for optoelectronic applications. © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

Magnetic Moment of the Fragmentation Aligned 61Fe(9/2)+ Isomer

We report on the g factor measurement of the isomer in $^{61}Fe$ ($E^{*}=861 keV$). The isomer was produced and spin-aligned via a projectile-fragmentation reaction at intermediate energy, the Time Dependent Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) method being used for the measurement of the g factor. For the first time, due to significant improvements of the experimental technique, an appreciable residual alignment of the isomer has been observed, allowing a precise determination of its g factor: $g=-0.229(2)$. Comparison of the experimental g factor with shell-model and mean field calculations confirms the $9/2^+$ spin and parity assignments and suggests the onset of deformation due to the intrusion of Nilsson orbitals emerging from the $\nu g_{9/2}$.Comment: 4 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Simulated Moving-bed Adsorption For Separation Of Racemic Mixtures

The two enantiomers that constitute a racemate have different activities when employed as pharmaceuticals. Due to this fact, fully recognized today, the pharmaceutical industry has been forced to market pure enantiomers instead of the racemic mixture whenever a chiral compound is involved. The simulated moving bed (SMB) is a chromatographic process that, unlike traditional HPLC systems, operates continuously without losing the enantiomeric purity of the outlet streams. The present work describes the enantioseparation of the anesthetic ketamine in a semipreparative-scale SMB unit. The chiral stationary phase employed was the microcrystalline cellulose triacetate. The outlet streams were analyzed by an on-line system, composed by an UV/VIS meter and a polarimeter, and also by HPLC. The analysis indicated purity values up to 100% for the stream of interest and up to 97.7% for the other stream.211127136Blaschke, G., Chromatographic resolution of chiral drugs on polyamides and cellulose triacetate (1986) Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 9 (2), pp. 341-368Cass, Q.B., Degani, A.L.G., Tiritan, E., Matlin, S.E., Curran, D.P., Balog, A., Enantiomeric resolution by HPLC of axial chiral amides using amylose tris((S)-1-phenylethylcarbamate) (1997) Chirality, 9, pp. 109-112Francotte, E.R., Wolf, R.M., Lohmann, D., Muller, R., Chromatographic resolution of racemates on chiral stationary phases. I. Influence of the supramolecular structure of cellulose triacetate (1985) Journal of Chromatography, 345, pp. 25-37Juza, M., Mazzotti, M., Morbidelli, M., Simulated moving bed and its application to chiraltechnology (2000) Trends in Biotechnology, 18, pp. 108-118Lodevico, R.G., Bobbit, D.R., Edkins, T.J., Determination of enantiomeric excess using a chiral selective separation mode and polarimetric detection (1997) Talanta, 44, pp. 1353-1363Mazzotti, M., Storti, G., Morbidelli, M., Optimal operation of simulated moving beds for nonlinear chromatographic separations (1997) Journal of Chromatography A, 769, pp. 3-24McCoy, M., SMB emerges as a chiral technique (2000) Chemical and Engineering News, 78 (25), pp. 1-3Nicoud, R.M., A packing procedure for high flow rate and high stability columns using cellulose triacetate (1993) LC - GC Int., 6, pp. 636-637Nicoud, R.M., The separation of optical isomers by simulated moving bed chromatography (Part II) (1999) Pharmaceutical Technology Europe, 11, pp. 28-34Pedeferri, M.P., Zenoni, G., Mazzotti, M., Morbidelli, M., Experimental analysis of a chiral separation through simulated moving bed chromatography (1999) Chemical Engineering Science, 54, pp. 3735-374