Influence of the use of Co-Substrates on the anaerobic Co-Digestion of municipal solid waste, cocoa industry waste and bottled beverage industry waste

Colombia generates large quantities of organic waste that are not used or deposited in the correct way. Therefore, this project seeks to harness the organic load of these residues using anaerobic co-digestion, which is a biological process that allows the recovery and the biochemical potential of methane (BPM) from waste, thus, achieving adequate treatment for the control of environmental pollution. In this project, three residues were evaluated: Municipal solid waste (MSW), cocoa industry waste (CIW) and bottled beverage industry waste (BBIW). To these residues, a physical-chemical characterization was realized prior to the BMP test, in which the following was determined: values of solid volatile particles, total solids, organic matter and nitrogen Kjeldahl. With the characterization obtained, we prepared the mixtures in which the carbon nitrogen (C/N) ratio was varied in three levels: 25, 35 and 45. The number of grams of volatile solids (gVS) was also varied in three levels: 0.5, 1.25 and 2. Likewise, the co-substrate was varied in two: sewage sludge and pig manure. It was found that mixtures having a C/N of 35 grams of volatile solids of 0.5 and using as co-substrate the pig manure generate a greater production of methane (364 mLCH4/gSV). The anaerobic co-digestion technique allows the efficient development of the process due to the synergistic behavior of the co-substrates used, which compensate for the shortcomings that each presents when performing the process separately. It is also important to mention that the mixtures that have cocoa industry waste and bottled beverage industry waste increase the biochemical potential of methane. Although this may change when the bottled beverage industry waste is replaced with the municipal solid waste since the composition is the same. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.0000-0002-1549-3819angelica.santisn@[email protected]

A Comparative Analysis of Heuristics Applied to Collecting Used Lubricant Oils Generated in the City of Pereira, Colombia

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Transformation of Carbon Dioxide Into Linear Carbonates and Methane over Cu-ni and Ru-fe Supported on Pellets Activated Carbon

Carbon dioxide (an abundant, inexpensive, and renewable carbon resource) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases that cause global warming and climate changes. Carbon dioxide can be used to synthesize useful chemical products such as [email protected]@[email protected]

Formulation of strategies for the implementation of integral management system based on ISO 9001:2015 and 14001:2015 in the company surtiapliques (Bogotá-Colombia)

Surtiapliques is a Company of the metalworking sector, in this contribution the design of an Integral Management System (IMS) is proposed, employing the Quality Management ISO 9001:2015, emphasizing in tracing and measurement of process, and customer satisfaction; the needed improvements were determined to increase environmental performance, applying Cleaner Production tools (CP) and the standard ISO 14001:2015. This will allow the growth of the company in the industrial sector, contributing to sustainable development. Designed solutions were based on the analysis and operational development, using qualitative, quantitative, and statistical methods, which were inputs for the documental design of the Management System, which pretends standardize processes and increases the effectiveness of business management. In the operational development phase, of quality management, the technical specifications of the products, process sheets and the control charts were built; in so far as an environmental performance, the main aspects and impacts of the company were analyzed, as well as the analysis of occupational risk and strategies for the sustainable management of natural resources, using matrices to assess environmental aspects and Eco-balances and life cycle analysis. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi [email protected]@campusucc.edu.c

Formulation of strategies for the implementation of integral management system based on ISO 9001:2015 and 14001:2015 in the company surtiapliques (Bogotá-Colombia)

Surtiapliques is a Company of the metalworking sector, in this contribution the design of an Integral Management System (IMS) is proposed, employing the Quality Management ISO 9001:2015, emphasizing in tracing and measurement of process, and customer satisfaction; the needed improvements were determined to increase environmental performance, applying Cleaner Production tools (CP) and the standard ISO 14001:2015. This will allow the growth of the company in the industrial sector, contributing to sustainable development. Designed solutions were based on the analysis and operational development, using qualitative, quantitative, and statistical methods, which were inputs for the documental design of the Management System, which pretends standardize processes and increases the effectiveness of business management. In the operational development phase, of quality management, the technical specifications of the products, process sheets and the control charts were built; in so far as an environmental performance, the main aspects and impacts of the company were analyzed, as well as the analysis of occupational risk and strategies for the sustainable management of natural resources, using matrices to assess environmental aspects and Eco-balances and life cycle analysis. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi [email protected]

Evaluation of the effect of two types of fertilizer on the growth, development and productivity of Hydroponic Green Forage Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a biomass source

Hydroponic Green Forage (HGF) is increasingly being internationally recognized as an alternative to ensure sustainable biomass production per unit area in the shortest possible time and at the highest possible quality. This research thus evaluates the effect of two nutrient solutions (with two dilutions in each case) applied in the HGF production system for Oats and Ryegrass on the parameters of growth, development and productivity of both species. To this end, a handmade greenhouse was built in which two seed sowing trays were installed with a fertigation system for oats and ryegrass species. The experimental design consisted of the assembly of two modules of 24 seed trays in which HGF Oat and Ryegrass were grown using two nutrient solutions (which were applied according to the position of the seed trays inside the module at level 2 and level 4). The tests showed for the two species evaluated that the use of organic solutions significantly promote the conversion and yield variables of fresh mass per unit area - an increase in the relative growth rate, the net assimilation rate, the crop growth rate and the absolute growth rate; all of these as a measure of crop development. Likewise, when the analysis was conducted, it was observed that the most economic assemblies turned out to be those which used the liquid humus as nutrient solution to 1/20 v.v. and 1/40 v.v. This supports the conclusion that the use of organic nutrient solution can yield high quality HGF exceeding the development parameters of those produced using conventional (synthetic) nutrient solutions Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,[email protected]

Amount of carbon store in the species ficus soatensis and tecoma stans established in the locality of puente aranda, bogotá d.C.

The present study contributes to the mitigation and adaptation of climate change in the city of Bogotá, through of the valuation of carbon storage and the biomass of endemic species in the city, without use destructive methods. The mentioned information is necessary to scientifically show which roles these species play in the ecosystem and such allow us to define the good management of resources and to generate mechanisms in the long-term. To know the amount of carbon stored in the species Ficus soatensis and Tecoma stans settled in the locality of Puente Aranda, samples were taken from individuals of different diameter classes, of four tree components: trunk, bark, branches and leaves, and sent to the laboratory to be analyzed by the CHN test. The average carbon content for the two-species varied between 44.54% and 51.95% with an average of 47.23% and standard deviation of 2.84 in all tissues of the individuals analyzed. The carbon content accumulates differentially in the tissues of the individual; the highest value was obtained in the trunk of Tecoma stans and the lowest corresponds to the branches of Ficus soatensis. The percentages of Carbon content by species and by tissue found for Ficus soatensis were, in trunk 51%, branches 43%, bark 45% and leaves 46%; for Tecoma stans the results were 53% in trunk, 46.5% branches, 46.5% bark and 47.5% leaves. When comparing the carbon stocks in the biomass, using the specific concentration as a reference, with respect to the general carbon concentration for the species Ficus soatensis and Tecoma stans, it was found that there is a difference in the carbon content in the branches, since the one registered by the laboratory is greater than the one estimated in a general way. When evaluating the difference between the specific carbon reserves with the general carbon reserves, it can be evidenced that there is a significant difference in the case of the branches. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider this variation in carbon storage estimates, to reduce the margin of error when reporting results of this type. Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi [email protected]

Evaluation of the effect of two types of fertilizer on the growth, development and productivity of Hydroponic Green Forage Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a biomass source

Hydroponic Green Forage (HGF) is increasingly being internationally recognized as an alternative to ensure sustainable biomass production per unit area in the shortest possible time and at the highest possible quality. This research thus evaluates the effect of two nutrient solutions (with two dilutions in each case) applied in the HGF production system for Oats and Ryegrass on the parameters of growth, development and productivity of both species. To this end, a handmade greenhouse was built in which two seed sowing trays were installed with a fertigation system for oats and ryegrass species. The experimental design consisted of the assembly of two modules of 24 seed trays in which HGF Oat and Ryegrass were grown using two nutrient solutions (which were applied according to the position of the seed trays inside the module at level 2 and level 4). The tests showed for the two species evaluated that the use of organic solutions significantly promote the conversion and yield variables of fresh mass per unit area - an increase in the relative growth rate, the net assimilation rate, the crop growth rate and the absolute growth rate; all of these as a measure of crop development. Likewise, when the analysis was conducted, it was observed that the most economic assemblies turned out to be those which used the liquid humus as nutrient solution to 1/20 v.v. and 1/40 v.v. This supports the conclusion that the use of organic nutrient solution can yield high quality HGF exceeding the development parameters of those produced using conventional (synthetic) nutrient solutions Copyright © 2016, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.,[email protected]

Study of the eco-efficiency of biodiesel production from the fruit of the jatropha curcas plant

In the present study, the Life Cycle Analysis methodology is applied to the production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas, with the objective to identify the stages of the life cycle that affect to a larger extent the environment. This was done by defining the function of the system, the limits of the system, the allocation procedure, the method of environmental impact assessment with its respective categories of impact, and finally, the data quality requirements. During the elaboration of the inventory, each of the basic activities for the Jatropha Curcas cultivation was taken into account. From the conditioning of the ground, followed by the pre-nursery-nursery, field management, and transportation of agricultural inputs. Also, the stages of harvest from the fruit of Jatropha Curcas were included for obtaining the oil and its subsequent transesterification. All this information was acquired in the field, in technical reports, articles and elaboration of simulation for the industrial stages. For the environmental impact assessment of the life cycle, the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) methodology was used. This methodology is commonly used for the creation of the environmental product declarations. In the economic evaluation of the process, the classic project evaluation methodology was used. This starts with the calculation of fixed capital and working capital investment, salvage values, costs and revenue and after-tax gain. The cash flow net diagram is then constructed with which the decision-making indicators are obtained: NPV (net present value, typically in the year of production start-up), IRR (internal return rate), PT (payback time), and different sensitivity indexes or equilibrium values. With regard to investments and salvage value, it is about values at a certain point in time. Finally, the eco-efficiency of Jatropha Curcas biodiesel was evaluated by relating environmental performance and process profitability. It was found that the production of biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas is not a process with high potential environmental impacts, compared to other commodities. From the economic point of view, it is not viable given the high cost of the seed and the market price of oil. Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi [email protected]

Study of the eco-efficiency of biodiesel production from the fruit of the jatropha curcas plant

In the present study, the Life Cycle Analysis methodology is applied to the production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas, with the objective to identify the stages of the life cycle that affect to a larger extent the environment. This was done by defining the function of the system, the limits of the system, the allocation procedure, the method of environmental impact assessment with its respective categories of impact, and finally, the data quality requirements. During the elaboration of the inventory, each of the basic activities for the Jatropha Curcas cultivation was taken into account. From the conditioning of the ground, followed by the pre-nursery-nursery, field management, and transportation of agricultural inputs. Also, the stages of harvest from the fruit of Jatropha Curcas were included for obtaining the oil and its subsequent transesterification. All this information was acquired in the field, in technical reports, articles and elaboration of simulation for the industrial stages. For the environmental impact assessment of the life cycle, the EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) methodology was used. This methodology is commonly used for the creation of the environmental product declarations. In the economic evaluation of the process, the classic project evaluation methodology was used. This starts with the calculation of fixed capital and working capital investment, salvage values, costs and revenue and after-tax gain. The cash flow net diagram is then constructed with which the decision-making indicators are obtained: NPV (net present value, typically in the year of production start-up), IRR (internal return rate), PT (payback time), and different sensitivity indexes or equilibrium values. With regard to investments and salvage value, it is about values at a certain point in time. Finally, the eco-efficiency of Jatropha Curcas biodiesel was evaluated by relating environmental performance and process profitability. It was found that the production of biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas is not a process with high potential environmental impacts, compared to other commodities. From the economic point of view, it is not viable given the high cost of the seed and the market price of oil. Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.0000-0002-1549-3819german.ramos@[email protected]@campusucc.edu.c