Epstein Barr Virus negative Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Involving the Maxillary Sinus: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is one of the rare malignancies involving the head and neck region. It is common in Eskimos and Chinese population with Epstein Barr virus association. Standard treatment protocol is not in place owing to the rarity of this tumor.Case Presentation: The present case is a LEC involving the right maxillary sinus not associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and first of its kind presentation in the Indian population. Lack of awareness, nonaffordability and poor patient compliance resulted in poor response to radiotherapy. The patient succumbed within fourteen months of diagnosis.Conclusion: Cancer treatment is still not at reach to the poor and the illiterate. Epidemiological studies targeted at genetic basis of origin will be beneficial in identifying rare, and unusual presentation of the disease. We believe that this case will highlight the importance of risk assessment and early diagnosis of cancer at mass level

Response of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh genes under elevated CO2 through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)

The impact of climate change has attracted considerable attention globally. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is expected to increase to 900 μmol mol-1 from present level of 400 μmol mol-1 by the end of 21st century. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that leads climate change have significantly affected structure and function of the terrestrial ecosystem, global carbon, water balance, and also crop productivity. These responses of the plant appear by altering gene expression pattern of different genes involved in anabolic and catabolic processes. We have conducted a study to see the response of genes to elevated CO2 inside open top chambers on Populus deltoides. Onemonth- old ramets were exposed for 180 days to treatment (CO2 800 μmol mol-1) and control (CO2 ~400 μmol mol-1). After completion of treatment, leaf tissues were outsourced to Sci-genome for transcriptome sequencing. This study demonstrated, higher (1754) number of transcript expression in treatment (119,306) compared to control (121,060). Differential gene expression analysis shown 1951 transcripts were down regulated while 2603 transcripts up regulated and 159,982 transcripts have no significance in treatment. Our results show that plants growing in an environment where atmospheric CO2 is higher may alter plant adaptation, productivity, vegetation and ecosystem health by changing; the first, number of genes and second, altering gene expression patterns. Such behavior may be a good indicator of developing adaptation strategies of the plant