2 research outputs found
Adhesion of perfume-filled microcapsules to model fabric surfaces
The retention and adhesion of melamine formaldehyde (MF) microcapsules on a model fabric surface in aqueous solution were investigated using a customised flow chamber technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A cellulose film was employed as a model fabric surface. Modification of the cellulose with chitosan was found to increase the retention and adhesion of microcapsules on the model fabric surface. The AFM force–displacement data reveal that bridging forces resulting from the extension of cellulose chains dominate the adhesion between the microcapsule and the unmodified cellulose film, whereas electrostatic attraction helps the microcapsules adhere to the chitosan-modified cellulose film. The correlation between results obtained using these two complementary techniques suggests that the flow chamber device can be potentially used for rapid screening of the effect of chemical modification on the adhesion of microparticles to surfaces, reducing the time required to achieve an optimal formulation
ICB3E Induces INOS Expression by ROS-Dependent JNK and ERK Activation for Apoptosis of Leukemic Cells
The role of c-Jun N terminal Kinase (JNK) has
been well documented in various cellular stresses where it
leads to cell death. Similarly, extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) which was identified as a signalling molecule
for survival pathway has been shown recently to be
involved in apoptosis also. Recently we reported that
ICB3E, a synthetic analogue of Piper betle leaf-derived
apoptosis-inducing agent hydroxychavicol (HCH), possesses
anti-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) acitivity in
vitro and in vivo without insight on mechanism of action.
Here we report that ICB3E is three to four times more
potent than HCH in inducing apoptosis of leukemic cells
without having appreciable effects on normal human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mouse fibroblast cell
line NIH3T3 and monkey kidney epithelial cell line Vero.
ICB3E causes early accumulation of mitochondria-derived
reactive oxygen species (ROS) in K562 cells. Unlike HCH,
ICB3E treatment caused ROS dependent activation of both JNK, ERK and induced the expression of iNOS leading to
generation of nitric oxide (NO). This causes cleavage of
caspase 9, 3 and PARP leading to apoptosis. Lack of
cleavage of caspase 8 and inability of blocking chimera
antibody to DR5 or neutralizing antibody to Fas to reverse
ICB3E-mediated apoptosis suggest the involvement of only
intrinsic pathway. Our data reveal a novel ROS-dependent
JNK/ERK-mediated iNOS activation pathway which leads
to NO mediated cell death by ICB3