Understanding Organizations’ Artificial Intelligence Journey: A Qualitative Approach

Background: With growth in Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption, challenges and hurdles are also becoming evident. Organizations implementing AI are challenged to find ways to leverage AI to produce optimum results and benefits for the organization. Understanding other organizations’ AI implementation journeys will help them start and implement AI. By understanding the different facets of AI implementation, they can strategize AI to gain business value. Though several studies have examined AI adoption, there are few studies on how firms implement it. We close this gap by studying AI adoption and implementations in various firms. Method: Using a qualitative approach of semi-structured interviews, we studied twenty global organizations of various sizes that have implemented AI. Results: The study categorizes the results into four major themes – facilitators, barriers, trends, and strategies for implementing AI. Our study reinforces the relevance of the TOE framework and Roger’s DOI theory in studying AI adoption. Organizational factors such as top management support, strategic roadmap, availability of skilled resources, and corporate culture influenced AI adoption. Their lack of data or poor data quality is a primary challenge. The privacy laws concerning data, as well as regulatory bottlenecks, further exacerbate this problem. We also identified and mapped the standard AI implementations to their AI technologies. We found that most of them exploit AI’s image and natural language processing capabilities to automate their processes. Regarding implementation, firms work with partners to obtain customer data and use federated learning. Conclusion: Understanding firms’ AI implementation journey will help us promote further adoption and experimentation. Organizations can identify areas where they can leverage AI to enhance value, prepare themselves for the future, start and proceed with AI implementation efforts and overcome barriers they might encounter

Intention to Provide Online Reviews: An Expectation-Confirmation Model with Review Involvement

Online reviews have become a good source of information for shoppers with increase in e-commerce activity. Although research has examined various factors behind customer online review posting behaviour, the role of online reviews in further propagating online reviews has not been given enough attention. In this study, we use the expectation-confirmation theory for examining customer review posting behaviour based on their examination of online reviews from other shoppers. The study reveals a few interesting and counter-intuitive findings that add to research and practice in understanding online review posting behaviour. The study also examines the role of review involvement and its effect on shoppers’ behaviour. The results show that shoppers are more inclined to write reviews when confirmation leads to lower satisfaction. Theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings have also been presented. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol10/iss2/3

An Empirical Examination of the Influence of Information and Source Characteristics on Consumers’ Adoption of Online Reviews

The growth of online commerce has given consumers a number of convenient options to shop from. This has led to the proliferation of e-commerce players that offer variety of products and services with customer-centric terms and conditions. However, absence of avenues to test the product(s) before buying, shoppers perceive inherent risk associated with online buying, especially related to products’ quality and features, terms and conditions of sales, etc. To overcome this pre-purchase dissonance and compensate for the lack of previous experience, they look for reliable information and guidance. Hence, to make decisions, e-buyers rely on the reviews provided by other shoppers. Therefore, it becomes imperative for e-retailers to determine antecedent factors that influence the adoption of online reviews. Using heuristic-systematic model, this study has identified the relative significance of information credibility, argument quality, quantity sufficiency and source credibility in influencing the adoption of reviews available online. It was observed that the two categories of influencers impact the reviews’ adoption albeit through the two mediators - perceived usefulness and perceived value of reviews. Theoretical and practical implications have also been highlighted. Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol9/iss1/5

Pattern of drug-induced bleeding in a tertiary care hospital

Background: It is a well-known fact that drug-induced bleeding causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Drugs that induce bleeding do so by affecting either anti-platelet Function and /or coagulation. By the frequency of their use, anti-platelet, a coagulant, thrombolytic and NSAIDs are the most commonly implicated drugs. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is commonest adverse drug reaction associated with hospital admission. Significant number of these could be prevented if simple guidelines are followed. Spontaneous cessation of bleeding occurs in as many as 85% of cases. Early intervention is required in those if bleeding does not stop spontaneously. Objective of the study was to determine the pattern of drug induced bleeding in tertiary care hospital setting.Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted during one year study dura on ((June 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015) amongst all adult patients admitted to the hospital with drug induced bleeding. Statistical analysis was done by frequency measurement for categorical variables. Chi- square test was used to determine associations. A p-value of<0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: A total number of 110 cases with history of bleeding were enrolled. Commonest drug that caused bleeding was a platelet with 29 (26%) cases followed by combination of 2 or more drugs in 25 (23%) cases, then NSAIDs and anticoagulants in 24 (21%) and 23 (20%) cases respectively. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was the commonest site of bleeding seen in 64 (58%) cases. The commonest drugs causing upper GI bleeding were NSAIDs seen in 24 (37.5%) cases followed by a platelet 22 (34.3%), combined drugs in 09 (14%) cases. (P<0.001) In overall severity most cases of drug induced bleeding had mild bleeding with 61 cases as compared to 38 cases of moderate and 11 cases of severe bleeding. There were significantly higher proportion of mild and moderate bleeding in upper gastrointestinal bleed cases in comparison to other sites of drug induced bleeding in this study (p<0.01). 7 (6.4%) out of 110 patients died and 103 (93.6%) patients recovered and were discharged.Conclusions: Clinical management of bleeds requires careful assessment of the patient, haemodynamic stabilisation, discontinuation of the offending medication and, where appropriate, reversal of the haemorrhagic effects and specific therapies such as endoscopic haemostatic therapy

Segmenting Online Shoppers: A Study Of Consumers' Web Portal Selection Motivations For E-Shopping

As the internet permeates geographic boundaries and varied demographic strata, electronic commerce/online shopping is witnessing exponential growth. The objective of this research is to segment online shoppers based on attributes of web portals. A survey using a questionnaire was administered to 203 shoppers in India. Factor analysis is used to determine the factors that influence the selection of web portals. The robustness of the model developed using factor analysis was checked using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Finally, cluster analysis was applied for identifying the clusters of respondents and profiling them. Based on cluster analysis, the study identified four segments: Traditional Shoppers, Benefit Seekers, Convenience and Assurance Seekers and Information and Price Seekers. Each of the four segments varies considerably in terms of their selection of website/portals for purchases, portraying the differences in their online shopping orientation. Against the general perception that shoppers prefer web portals that provide best user experience and attractive web atmospherics, this research shows that their inclination is towards brand image of the web portal and also being able to get value proposition through the website. Firms need to develop plans to consider the unique characteristics of the online market segments for an optimum allocation of marketing expenses. Findings of this research may be used as guidelines for the development of multi-dimensional strategic framework by online retailing firms

Clustering Shoppers By Mall Experience For Emerging Indian City

India is undergoing drastic transformation in its organised retail sector. Followed by Tier 1 cities, Tier 2 cities are also witnessing an upsurge in retail malls, owing to the burgeoning middle class, growing income levels and a more accommodative attitude towards modern shopping formats. However, due to increased competition and relatively lower population in these cities, the malls are ending up eating each other's footfalls. Therefore, it is highly imperative for mall managers to ascertain features that would differentiate them from their competitors. The objective of this study is to segment and profle shoppers based on their orientation towards different factors associated with an organised retail using hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering techniques. Two segments were identifed through the analysis. Each segment was profled in terms of mall attractiveness characteristics, demographics and behavioural factors. Results of both hierarchical and k-means cluster analysis suggests two prominent groups among shoppers, namely relatively higher aged service class people and young students. Constituents of these segments also reveal distinct patterns. The younger segment pays more importance to variables like mall events and promotional schemes being organised by malls and/ or retailers. There is less impact of these variables on aged service class segment. This study is a useful contribution to the existing body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on consumers' in tier two Indian cities like Raipur. This enables retail managers to prepare suitable retailing policies and strategies to cater to each segment

The Effects of Online Cues and Perceived Risk on Customer Loyalty

This article investigates the influence of perceived risk upon product display satisfaction, price comparison satisfaction, assortment satisfaction, and customer loyalty for footwear retail sales conducted online in India. 458 survey responses from college students who had purchased footwear online were analyzed. The findings show that price comparison satisfaction is the most important factor influencing assortment satisfaction. Assortment satisfaction leads to customer loyalty. The model suggests perceived risk is vital for customer loyalty, and that males and females perceive the relationship between product display satisfaction, assortment satisfaction, and price comparison satisfaction differently. Product display satisfaction, price comparison satisfaction, and assortment satisfaction are antecedents to customer loyalty but independent of perceived purchase risk</p

Factors Defining Shopping Experience: An Analytical Study of Dubai

Abstract This paper explains the composition of shopping experience for mall shoppers of Dubai. The study assumes significance because Dubai is a prominent destination attracting shoppers from all over the globe. An attempt has been made to portray shopper&apos;s expectations from shopping malls. The research uses data reduction with the help of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a sample of 200 respondents from city of Dubai and condenses a set of twenty-two mall attributes into a list of five comprehensible factors. Results of the study shows that mall shoppers of Dubai view shopping experience as blend of five factors: ambience, physical infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience, and safety and security. Shoppers assign differential weightage to these factors. Composition of these factors in terms of its constituents reveals distinct patterns. Findings of this research may be used as guidelines for development and management of shopping malls in Dubai. Shopping malls making appropriate use of these insights are more likely to attract and sustain a higher level of footfalls. Capital intensive projects like shopping malls cannot afford to fail. This application-oriented study proposes new benchmarks for mall development and management and reduces the probability of taking wrong decisions. This paper is also a significant addition to the body of knowledge in the area of mall management and consumer behaviour in Dubai