CP-odd weak basis invariants and texture zeros

We construct the CP-odd weak basis invariants from the neutrino mass matrix in a weak basis in which the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal and find the necessary and sufficient conditions for CP conservation. We study the interrelationships between different CP-odd weak basis invariants to examine their implications for the Dirac and Majorana type CP violating phases for the phenomenologically allowed Frampton-Glashow-Marfatia texture zero structures of the neutrino mass matrix.Comment: 9 pages, three tables, Phys. Rev. D (to appear

Model Independent Constraints on Non-electronic Flavors in the Solar Boron Neutrino Flux

We perform the most general model independent analysis of the latest 391-Day Salt Phase SNO Data Set incorporating the Super-Kamiokande ES flux measurement and obtain bounds on the antineutrino and sterile neutrino flux in the solar $^{8}$B neutrino flux reaching the detectors on the earth. The muon/ tauon antineutrino flux is found to be disallowed at 1.4$\sigma$ C.L. The sterile flux is found to be non-zero at about 1.26 standard deviations.Comment: 8 pages and no figur

Neutrino Phenomenology in a Model with Generalized CP symmetry within Type-I seesaw framework

We investigate the consequences of generalized CP (GCP) symmetry within the context of the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM), specifically focusing on the lepton sector. Utilizing the Type-I seesaw framework, we study an intriguing connection between the Dirac Yukawa couplings originating from both Higgs fields, leading to a reduction in the number of independent Yukawa couplings and simplifying the scalar and Yukawa sectors when compared to the general 2HDM. The CP3 constraint results in two right-handed neutrinos having equal masses and leads to a diagonal right-handed Majorana neutrino mass matrix. Notably, CP symmetry experiences a soft break due to the phase associated with the vacuum expectation value of the second Higgs doublet. The model aligns well with observed charged lepton masses and neutrino oscillation data, explaining both masses and mixing angles, and yields distinct predictions for normal and inverted neutrino mass hierarchies. It features a novel interplay between atmospheric mixing angle $\theta_{23}$ and neutrino mass hierarchy: the angle $\theta_{23}$ is below maximal for the normal hierarchy and above maximal for inverted hierarchy. Another interesting feature of the model is inherent CP violation for the inverted hierarchy.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure

Prevalence of hepatitis-C viral infection among opioid dependent injectable drug users: a study conducted at regional hospital drug de-addiction and treatment centre, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: There are a limited number of studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections among the drug addicts in Himachal Pradesh; C virus (HCV) infection in north India especially Himachal with very high rates of substance abuse. The present study was attempted to study the prevalence of hepatitis C among the injectable drug users, which is more important in a country like India where viral hepatitis is estimated to be among the top ten causes of deaths.Methods: A study was conducted in 2019-2020 (July-April). HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV tests in 235 drug addicts were studied. Urine samples obtained from drug addicts were analyzed for cannabis, opiate and cocaine metabolites.Results: The subjects included were 235 IDUs who were opioid dependent. All the 235 drug users were males, and their mean age was 30.69±9.494 years; 112 (47.7%) of them were in the age group ranging 20 - 29 years (p <0.05). Of 235 drug addicts, 113 (48.1%) and 115 (48.9%) were only cannabis and opiate users, respectively. The frequencies of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV among drug addicts were 2.6%, 38.3%, and 9.4%, respectively.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that HCV infection was an alarming problem among opiate users in this part of Himachal. It is suggested to rapidly diagnose the infected persons; thus preventive measures and appropriate control may limit further transmission of these infections

Intrapartum posterior wall rupture in unscarred uterus during labour augmentation with oxytocin; a case report

Intrapartum rupture of unscarred uterus during labour augmentation is an exceedingly rare occurrence with very few case reports of this entity in the literature. We intend to report such case to highlight the importance of constant vigilance during oxytocin infusion even in patients with unscarred uterus. The 27 years old lady who had a previous normal vaginal delivery, came in early labour at term gestation. Augmentation of labour was done with oxytocin. After 30 mins of starting oxytocin patient complained of severe pain abdomen and on CTG fetal heart dropped to 70 bpm. Despite all measures fetal heart rate did not pick up and patient was taken up for cesarean section. Intraoperatively, posterior uterine wall ruptured was found with baby and placenta lying in the abdominal cavity. Baby had a low Apgar score and died on third day. Uterine rupture repair was done and patient was discharged on 5th postoperative day. Although oxytocin has excellent safety record in unscarred uterus, the possibility of rupture uterus should be kept in mind in relevant clinical scenario

Labial adhesion or fusion-an unusual cause of urinary incontinence in an elderly woman

Labial adhesion/fusion is an uncommon cause of urinary and vulval complaints in adult females, with unknown incidence. We present a case report of an elderly woman who presented with voiding difficulty, recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary incontinence. She was treated by surgical division of the adhesions and had complete resolution of her symptoms

Miniscrew-Assisted Mandibular Molar Protraction: A Case Report

The present article describes the case of a 12-year-old female patient in which mandibular second molar protraction was performed after the extraction of a grossly damaged first molar. A titanium miniscrew was placed in the buccal alveolar bone between the canine and premolar to provide direct anchorage for protraction forces. A balancing lingual force was applied. The treatment time was 22 months. Ideal overbite and overjet with good posterior occlusion was achieved

Accidental Intake of Foreign Bodies in Orthodontic Patients: A Management Protocol

One of the common emergencies during dental treatment is accidental intake of dental materials. Dental patients being treated in supine position increases the risk of accidental ingestion during various dental procedures. Orthodontic patients are prone to such incidences because of the small size of materials used such as brackets, molar bands, tubes and archwire clips. Ingestion of a number of orthodontic materials such as retainers, sectional wires, hooks, bands, brackets, or expansion appliance keys have been reported. These materials may be ingested or aspirated and become lodged in the oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal tract. The response to such conditions may vary from no symptoms, mild irritation, to severe consequences such as choking or asphyxiation. A protocol must be available to avoid such untoward episodes and to ensure effective management in case of an occurrence. This article presents a literature review of accidental ingestion or aspiration of orthodontic materials and elucidates an effective management protocol for such emergencies

To study the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among medical students

Background: Risk of developing latent tuberculosis infection increases in medical students with their higher exposure to TB care facilities. Objective: To study the prevalence of latent TB infection among students attending professional degrees MBBS, BDS, MD, MS, MDS at King George’s Medical University, India. Methods: This study was carried out with Tuberculin skin testing among students and active TB cases were excluded. A standard dose of 0.1?mL of purified protein derivative was slowly injected intra dermally into non-dominant forearm. After 48-72 hours, the reaction was estimated by measuring the transverse diameter of the induration. Results: Total 561 students had given consent to get enrolled. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection was significant with period of clinical exposure (p-value &lt; 0.05), average size of induration (p-value &lt; 0.001), and history of prior Tuberculin Skin Test (p-value &lt; 0.001). However it was not significant with the age (p-value &gt; 0.05), gender (p-value &gt; 0.05), and history of contact with active cases of TB (p-value &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection is higher in post graduate students followed by interns and final year students due to more exposure to patients in wards and clinics at King George’s Medical University, India