Identification and expression analysis of CjLTI, a novel low temperature responsive gene from Caragana jubata

Abstract Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full length cDNA (CjLTI) was cloned from apical buds of Caragana jubata, a plant species that grows under extreme cold. The cDNA obtained was 573 bp long consisting of an open reading frame of 351 bp encoding 116 amino acids. Homology analysis did not exhibit significant similarity with any sequence at NCBI database, therefore it was deduced as a novel gene. Secondary structure analysis suggested that the deduced CjLTI contained 25.86% ahelices, 4.31% b-turns, 6.90% extended strands, and 62.93% random coils. The hydropathy profile suggested CjLTI to be a hydrophobic protein having characteristic features of signal peptides at N-terminus. The gene exhibited down-regulation at 5 min of exposure to low temperature (LT, 4 ± 3�C) followed by a strong up-regulation after 15 min and onwards. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) lead to up-regulation of CjLTI starting at 5 min onwards. The gene exhibited up- and down-regulation of expression pattern in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Mild drought stress slightly up-regulated gene expression and at severe drought (up to 115% reduction in leaf water potential) slight down-regulation of gene expression was observed. These results suggested CjLTI to be a LT responsive gene wherein MJ, ABA and SA pathways might be involved in regulating the gene expression

A Randomised Study on Outcome of Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation versus Helical Hip Screw System in Intertrochanteric Fracture

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures occur in the young population due to high velocity trauma, whereas in the elderly population, it is most often due to trivial trauma. In the United States 49% of the hip fractures are intertrochanteric. The most commonly used devices for fixation is the Dynamic Hip Screw with Side Plate assemblies. We aimed to compare the outcome of dynamic hip screw fixation versus helical hip screw system in intertrochanteric fracture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at our institution. A total of 25patients with comparable characteristics in each the DHS group and the spiral blade plate group were selected for the study, randomizing them into the 2 groups for comparison. Radiological outcome on the basis of union, complications with respect to implant cut-out and malalignment and functional outcome on the basis of Harris Hip Score were recorded.Results: The mean time taken for surgery in the DHS group (in mins) mean was 57.44(SD±9.305), and in the DHHS group mean was 48.44(SD± 6.740). There was significant statistical difference (p=0.00014). Time taken for union was insignificant (p=0.399). At 6 months mean Harris Hip Score statistically had no difference (p=0.288). There was no failure or complication in both groups. Conclusion: Although the mean operative time was almost 10 mins more in the DHS group, there is no statistically significant difference in the functional outcome between the DHS group and DHHS group. Key to success is maintaining the Tip-apex distance to within 25 mm, consistent with the Bauemgarter series with the DHS

A Randomised Study on Outcome of Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation versus Helical Hip Screw System in Intertrochanteric Fracture

Introduction: Trochanteric fractures occur in the young population due to high velocity trauma, whereas in the elderly population, it is most often due to trivial trauma. In the United States 49% of the hip fractures are intertrochanteric. The most commonly used devices for fixation is the Dynamic Hip Screw with Side Plate assemblies. We aimed to compare the outcome of dynamic hip screw fixation versus helical hip screw system in intertrochanteric fracture. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at our institution. A total of 25patients with comparable characteristics in each the DHS group and the spiral blade plate group were selected for the study, randomizing them into the 2 groups for comparison. Radiological outcome on the basis of union, complications with respect to implant cut-out and malalignment and functional outcome on the basis of Harris Hip Score were recorded.Results: The mean time taken for surgery in the DHS group (in mins) mean was 57.44(SD±9.305), and in the DHHS group mean was 48.44(SD± 6.740). There was significant statistical difference (p=0.00014). Time taken for union was insignificant (p=0.399). At 6 months mean Harris Hip Score statistically had no difference (p=0.288). There was no failure or complication in both groups. Conclusion: Although the mean operative time was almost 10 mins more in the DHS group, there is no statistically significant difference in the functional outcome between the DHS group and DHHS group. Key to success is maintaining the Tip-apex distance to within 25 mm, consistent with the Bauemgarter series with the DHS

Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact of DM on mortality and other clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection from this region. Aims The primary objective of our study was to analyze the mortality rate in people with DM infected with COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to assess the effect of various comorbidities on mortality and study the impact of DM on other clinical outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 infected patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India in the early phase of the pandemic. Results Of the 1211 cases admitted, 19 were excluded because of incomplete data, and 1192 cases were finally considered for analysis. DM constituted 26.8% of total patients. The overall mortality rate was 6.1%, and the rate was 10.7% in the presence of diabetes (p 2 at presentation, extensive involvement in CXR, and elevated ANC/ALC ratio were also significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions The presence of comorbidities such as DM, hypertension, CAD, CKD, and cancer strongly predict the risk of mortality in COVID-19 infection. Early triaging and aggressive therapy of patients with these comorbidities can optimize clinical outcomes