European Airspace (De)Fragmentation Assessment Model

Airspace fragmentation represents an issue that began to be more frequently mentioned within the Air Traffic Management (ATM) domain in the last two decades. Primarily, it is frequently listed as one of the main causes contributing to inefficiency of the ATM system in Europe. However, even though the issue of the European airspace fragmentation has been recognized back in the 1990s, over the past decades it has neither been frequently studied nor comprehensively addressed. Accordingly, minor progress has been made to describe this issue in more depth. Therefore, this research paper deals with the research of performance-based airspace fragmentation (one of several European airspace fragmentation types). It presents the conceptual and methodological framework of a novel model that can be used to obtain answers to hypothetical questions of where, when, how, and whether it is possible to achieve performance-based airspace defragmentation. Accordingly, it is expected that further studies of the developed model will deliver relevant information that may contribute to a more inclusive, smart, and spatially oriented development of the ATM system in Europe

The Influence of Dry Port Establishment on Regional Development Through Regional Development Index

The goal of the Regional Development Policy of the Republic of Croatia is to contribute to the identification of priority activities that would strengthen the development potential of all Croatian regions, reduce regional disparities, strengthen and build the development potential of less developed parts of the country. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the effect of establishment of a new dry port on regional development through increased development index. Details of regional development index calculation are presented in the paper, and an example of the calculation containing the actual data for the regions/counties of the Republic of Croatia is given. A simulation of regional development index calculation in case of establishment of a new dry port was run and presented. The simulation of development index increase as a result of dry port establishment in the town of Vinkovci in the Vukovar-Srijem County was conducted. Vinkovci was chosen primarily owing to its favourable geographic position in the TEN-T network connecting Croatia with various destinations through the Orient East-Med Corridor or Rhine-Danube Corridor, existing infrastructure that can be used for new dry port terminal, and the fact that Vukovar-Srijem is one of the most undeveloped regions (counties) in Croatia. The results have shown that the regional development index would increase in the region/ county of dry port establishment. The contribution of this research is that the paper proves the influence of dry port establishment on regional development, with emphasis on the number of newly employed persons and the effect thereof on regional development index indicators

Aircraft Repair and Withdrawal Costs Generated by Bird Collision with the Windshield

According to available data released by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in the period from 1990 to 2007, more than 94,743 collisions with birds occurred on the territory of US, UK and Canada. In some parts of the world bird population is significantly growing. Also, the number of aircraft operations has increased in recent decades, and more importantly, their increase is expected in the future as well. In these conditions, the number of aircraft collisions with birds is expected to grow. Bird strikes are affecting safety and also generate additional costs in air traffic. This paper will show what type of bird strike costs exist with focus on repair and withdrawal of bird strike costs. Repair and withdrawal costs due to bird strike are specific because they could vary from insignificant amount up to millions of dollars and because of its unpredictability.</p

Concept of the Decision-Making Model for Establishment of Dry Port on The Sample of Rijeka Seaport

Nowadays, seaports face many problems. One of the major problems is the increase in container traffic, and due to this there are problems such as the lack of space at the seaport terminals, and the congestion on routes serving those terminals, i.e. increase of bottlenecks in land transport systems serving the seaports. For some seaports, the weakest links in their transport chains are exit gates where congested roads and inadequate rail links cause delays and increase transport costs. Strategic solution would be the implementation of railways and/or improved land-based intermodal terminals, i.e. dry ports serving seaports. This paper presents a decision-making model on the necessity to establish a dry port for serving seaport in order to increase the capacity or space of the seaport, accelerate the technological process and reduce the rush on the routes

Simulation Analysis of Seaport Rijeka Operations with Established Dry Port

Seaport Rijeka is the largest seaport in Croatia. It specializes in transport of cargo, with the primary activities of loading, unloading, storage and transport of general cargo, timber, bulk cargo, livestock, containers, and other cargo at five specialized terminals. It is focused on increasing the quality of services and the competitiveness of the transport routes in Croatia. Due to its favourable position on the TEN-T network, Seaport Rijeka provides the shortest maritime connection between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe as well as the overseas countries. In the past 20 years Seaport Rijeka keeps record of continuous growth in container traffic. Due to increasing demand in container traffic, it seeks for the solutions to expand. One of the possible solutions that would satisfy the increasing demand in container traffic is establishing a dry port. Dry port is an inland intermodal terminal which has direct connection to the seaport by road or rail and its main purpose is to provide logistic activities and transport to inland destinations. Dry ports have many advantages, faster transport of cargo from seaports, use of more efficient modes of transport, providing facilities for the storage and consolidation of goods, the maintenance of road or rail freight carriers, customs services, etc. In the case of container transport, dry ports can be used to outsource the logistic activities of transport process, away from congested area of seaports. Due to the fact that Seaport Rijeka is reaching the limits of its capacity, one of possible solutions of its expansion is establishing a dry port. The focus of this paper is to prove that establishing a dry port would speed up the transport process of containers between Seaport Rijeka and its destinations. Due to this hypothesis, four simulations were made. First simulation shows the transport process in the existing set-up of the Seaport Rijeka. Second, third and fourth simulation shows the transport process in the future possible set-up of the Seaport Rijeka with established dry port in Miklavlje, Zagreb or Vinkovci

Fragmentiranost europskog zračnog prostora: Procjena zasnovana na troškovnoj učinkovitosti

Due to the ANSPs’ (Air Navigation Service Providers’) unit rates variability in different European airspace areas, the AUs (Airspace Users) pay different financial amounts for the same ANS (Air Navigation Service) provision. The AUs’ interest is to achieve the lowest possible operational costs, so it is often the case that the aircraft, if there is an alternative, fly on longer but economically more acceptable routes through cheaper charging zones. Over the time, the application of such practice has led to the creation of different business interests – that is a critical issue hindering further air transport development in Europe. This paper investigates the research question of whether and if so, how the European airspace is fragmented in terms of cost-efficiency features. By the application of the spatial autocorrelation methodology, i.e. by associating every ANSP’s unit rate value with its spatial position within the European ATM (Air Traffic Management) system, the research question has been answered. Research findings indicate that the European airspace is fragmented from a cost-efficiency aspect and divided into several different homogeneous areas. Such areas are characterized by a certain similarity level of adjacent unit rates, whereas one charging zone represents a hotspot in terms of its dissimilarity to adjacent spatial units.Zbog varijabilnosti jediničnih cijena Pružatelja usluga u zračnoj plovidbi na različitim područjima europskog zračnog prostora, korisnici zračnog prostora za istu uslugu u zračnoj plovidbi plaćaju različite financijske iznose. Interes korisnika zračnog prostora je ostvariti što niže operativne troškove, pa je čest slučaj da zrakoplov, ukoliko postoji alternativa, leti dužim, ali ekonomski prihvatljivijim rutama kroz jeftinije naplatne zone. Tijekom vremena, primjena takve prakse dovela je do stvaranja različitih poslovnih interesa - što predstavlja kritični problem koji ometa daljnji razvoj zračnog prometa u Europi. Ovaj rad se bavi proučavanjem istraživačkog pitanja je li i ukoliko jest, kako je europski zračni prostor fragmentiran s aspekta troškovne učinkovitosti. Primjenom metodologije prostorne autokorelacije, tj. povezivanjem jediničnih cijena Pružatelja usluga u zračnoj plovidbi s njegovim prostornim položajem u okviru europskog sustava upravljanja zračnim prometom, dobiva se odgovor na postavljeno istraživačko pitanje. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je europski zračni prostor fragmentiran s aspekta troškovne učinkovitosti i da je podijeljen u nekoliko različitih homogenih područja. Pri tom, takva područja karakterizirana su određenom razinom sličnosti susjednih jediničnih cijena, dok jedna naplatna zona predstavlja žarišno područje u smislu svoje neusklađenosti sa susjednim prostornim jedinicama

Determining Optimal Dry Port Location for Seaport Rijeka Using AHP Decision-Making Methodology

Seaport Rijeka is located and connected to the strategic EU TEN-T transport routes (Mediterranean and Baltic–Adriatic Corridor). Seaport Rijeka represents the shortest connection between Central and Central-Eastern Europe, and overseas destinations, by land and sea, and is in an excellent position to take advantage of its location. Being the largest and busiest seaport in Croatia, with constant increase in cargo traffic, especially container traffic, with inadequate and incomplete transport infrastructure that creates congestion, Seaport Rijeka will soon reach its capacity limits. One of the possible solutions that would satisfy the increasing demand and mitigate existing problems is establishing a dry port. Establishing a dry port serving Seaport Rijeka on the EU transport routes would greatly contribute to the strategic and operational plans of the EU and Croatia. The focus of this paper is to determine the optimal dry port location for Seaport Rijeka. The AHP methodology was used to determine the optimal dry port location of the Seaport Rijeka, by analyzing a large set of influential factors. The analysis was performed for three groups of possible dry port locations (close, medium distance and distant). Results suggest that optimal dry port locations for Seaport Rijeka are in Miklavlje, Velika Gorica and Vinkovci