An effective RGB color selection for complex 3D object structure in scene graph systems

The goal of this project is to develop a complete, fully detailed 3D interactive model of the human body and systems in the human body, and allow the user to interacts in 3D with all the elements of that system, to teach students about human anatomy. Some organs, which contain a lot of details about a particular anatomy, need to be accurately and fully described in minute detail, such as the brain, lungs, liver and heart. These organs are need have all the detailed descriptions of the medical information needed to learn how to do surgery on them, and should allow the user to add careful and precise marking to indicate the operative landmarks on the surgery location. Adding so many different items of information is challenging when the area to which the information needs to be attached is very detailed and overlaps with all kinds of other medical information related to the area. Existing methods to tag areas was not allowing us sufficient locations to attach the information to. Our solution combines a variety of tagging methods, which use the marking method by selecting the RGB color area that is drawn in the texture, on the complex 3D object structure. Then, it relies on those RGB color codes to tag IDs and create relational tables that store the related information about the specific areas of the anatomy. With this method of marking, it is possible to use the entire set of color values (R, G, B) to identify a set of anatomic regions, and this also makes it possible to define multiple overlapping regions

An Exactly Soluble Equation for the Stationary Probability Distribution in a Nonlinear System under the Influence of Two-telegraph Noise: Application to the Noise Reduction in a Raman Ring Laser

In this paper, we will consider a model of nonlinear system with random telegraph noises and a Raman ring laser by modeling the laser pump light by a pregaussian process and find an exactly soluble equations for the stationary probability distribution of fluctuations in this nonlinear system under the influence of two-telegraph noise. In consequence, we will obtain the so-called noise reduction in this system: the Stokes output of this laser tends to the stabilize under the influence of the broad-band two-telegraph pregaussian pump and compare this results with that obtained in our previous paper (Cao Long Van, Doan Quoc Khoa, Opt. Quant. Electron. 43, 137 (2012)) for the case of one telegraph noise

Disinfection performance of an ultraviolet lamp: a CFD investigation

Ultraviolet (UV)-based devices have shown their effectiveness on various germicidal purposes. To serve their design optimisation, the disinfection effectiveness of a vertically cylindrical UV lamp, whose wattage ranges from P = 30 − 100 W, is numerically investigated in this work. The UV radiation is solved by the Finite Volume Method together with the Discrete Ordinates model. Various results for the UV intensity and its bactericidal effects against several popular virus types, i.e., Corona-SARS, Herpes (type 2), and HIV, are reported and analysed in detail. Results show that the UV irradiance is greatly dependent on the lamp power. Additionally, it is indicated that the higher the lamp wattage employed, the larger the bactericidal rate is observed, resulting in the greater effectiveness of the UV disinfection process. Nevertheless, the wattage of P ≤ 100W is determined to be insufficient for an effective disinfection performance in a whole room; higher values of power must hence be considered in case intensive sterilization is required. Furthermore, the germicidal effect gets reduced with the viruses less sensitive to UV rays, e.g, the bactericidal rate against the HIV virus is only ∼8.98% at the surrounding walls

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

From Rice Bowl to Rural Development: Challenges and Opportunities Facing Vietnam’s Mekong Delta Region

The Mekong Delta has long been a major producing area for Vietnamese rice. It now accounts for more than half of national production and accounted for most of the growth in that production over the past decade. While this has given the Mekong Delta the reputation as Vietnam’s ‘rice bowl’—critical for national food security—virtually all of its incremental production (and now 70% of its output) has been channeled into exports. With Vietnam’s rice export trade mostly servicing the low price market segment, and with shortcomings in efficiency and coordination within the export supply chain, the surging export trade has not translated into wealth among Mekong Delta farmers. The paper examines the evolving dynamics in rice production and economics in the Mekong Delta, pertinent features of the structure and performance of the rice value chain, and the challenges and opportunities associated both with improving efficiencies and profitability for rice and with promoting a more balanced pattern of rural development within the region

Standard and optimal cut-off values of serum ca-125, HE4 and ROMA in preoperative prediction of ovarian cancer in Vietnam

Objectives: To evaluate the validity of serum CA-125, Human Epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and Risk of Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) at standard and optimal cut-offs, in preoperative prediction of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) in Vietnam. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study on 277 patients with ovarian masses hospitalized at the OBGYN Departments, Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital, Vietnam, from 01/2016 to 11/2017. All patients had measurements of serum CA-125 by Elecsys 2010 system and HE4 by immunoassay ARCHITECT® HE4 kits; ROMA calculated, and preoperative malignancy risk estimated. Matching these values to postoperative histopathology resulted in the preoperative prediction values. Results: There were 30 (10.8%) cases of EOC. Median values of CA 125, HE4, and ROMA of EOC and benign tumors were 214.20 U/ml, 18.91 U/ml; 90.00 pmol/l, 39.80 pmol/l; and 55.20%, 4.80%, respectively. The sensitivities and specificity of CA125, HE4, and ROMA to distinguish between malignant and benign tumors at standard cut-offs were 83.3% and 78.5%; 50% and 98.38%; 80.0% and 84,6%, and those at optimal cut-offs were 83.3% and 86.6%; 80.0% and 91.5%, 86.7% and 88.7%, respectively. AUCs of CA-125, HE4, and ROMA were 0.872, 0.894, 0.912; and those for the post-menopausal group were 0.900, 0.894 and 0.924, respectively. Conclusion: Serum CA 125 and HE4 levels and ROMA have good validity in the diagnosis of EOC, of which ROMA gives the best result. The ROMA index should be applied in clinical practice to help in the assessment and management of patients with suspected ovarian cancer. Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer, CA-125, HE4, ROM

CÁC GIAI ĐOẠN PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA QUẦN THỂ LOÀI RAU SẮNG (Melientha suavis Pierre) THEO SINH TRƯỞNG CHIỀU CAO TẠI CÙ LAO CHÀM, TỈNH QUẢNG NAM

The survey on stem height carried out on 1,887 individuals of Melientha suavis Pierre of all ages in 66 plots (200 m2), representing the topography and forest status on the island, reveals that the traditional identification, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2006 and 2018 on the timber development stages in the forest resource inventory, does not properly reflect the biological characteristics and population structure for slow-growing and small tree species like M. suavis. Therefore, we proposed the identification criteria of the growth stages of the plant species based on the height growth. The life cycle of M. suavis can be divided into seven stages of three periods (regeneration, maturity and over-maturity). We also suggested several specific silvicultural technical and management solutions for all periods and development stages of this species.Kết quả khảo sát về chiều cao thân cây trên 1.887 cá thể Rau sắng (Melientha suavis Pierre) ở tất cả các độ tuổi trong 66 ô tiêu chuẩn ứng với diện tích 200 m2, đại diện cho các dạng địa hình và trạng thái rừng, cho thấy cách phân chia truyền thống theo Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn năm 2006 và năm 2018 về các giai đoạn phát triển của cây gỗ rừng trong kiểm kê tài nguyên chưa phản ánh đúng bản chất sinh học và cấu trúc quần thể cho đối tượng cây gỗ nhỏ và sinh trưởng chậm như loài Rau sắng. Từ đó, chúng tôi đề xuất tiêu chí phân chia các giai đoạn phát triển của loài Rau sắng theo chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng chiều cao. Chu kỳ sống của loài Rau sắng được phân thành bảy giai đoạn thuộc ba thời kỳ: tái sinh, thành thục và quá thành thục. Trên cơ sở đó, chúng tôi đề xuất hướng quản lý và các giải pháp kỹ thuật lâm sinh cụ thể cho tất cả các thời kỳ và giai đoạn phát triển của loài