Numerical Investigation of Steel Grade Change using ANSYS

The tundish working as a buffer and distributor of liquid steel between the ladle and continuous casting (CC) moulds. It plays a vital role in the performance of CC machine, Solidi fication of liquid steel and quality of productivity. Therefore it is necessary to control the flow pattern, heat transfer and inclusion particle movement of molten steel in the tundish [1]. Hence this paper targets to study the performance of tun dish by studying water volume fractions and validated against the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) results obtained from available literature. The variation of time dependent concentration field is measured by PLIF. Due to special calibration procedure of the PLIF system the optical, geometrical and physical parameters do not have to be determined analytically, thus leading to reliable results. The experiments have shown that the mixing process correlates with th e quasi steady state flow pattern. Such information is important in steel production because the number of mixed slabs produced during sequence casting with a grade change is closely related to the mixing of the tundish melt. Hence in this paper PLIF measurements are used to validate numerical solutions of the mixing processes in water models of metallurgical reactor [2]

Ayurvedic management of Ksheena Shukra w.r.t. Asthenoazoospermia : A Case Study

A couple is considered as infertile, when they failed to have baby in one year of their marriage life, without using any of the birth control methods.[1] To conceive a child, women’s egg must be combined by men’s sperm, thus it will be get fertilized. A hormonal imbalance, varicocele, blockage of sperm movement, environmental factors, diet, age, bad habits etc will affect the fertility in men. Studies suggest that after 1 year of having unprotected sex, 15% of couples are unable to conceive. Asthenoazoospermia is a condition, where it compromises the men’s fertility by preventing the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg. In Ayurveda, diseases of Shukra are considered under Shukra Doshas. Ayurveda is best choice of treatment in the treatment of men’s infertility. A 35 year old, men visited OPD of Panchakarma with complaint of unable to conceive with marriage history of 5 years. Semen analysis revealed that, he has reduced motility of sperms. This patient was managed with Virechana Karma and Shamana treatment for 3 months. Later after 3 months, motility in the sperms got improved.  This case study reveals the importance Shodhana and Shamana in the management of Ksheenashukra w.r.t Asthenozoospermia

Neighborhood Gradient Clustering: An Efficient Decentralized Learning Method for Non-IID Data Distributions

Decentralized learning algorithms enable the training of deep learning models over large distributed datasets generated at different devices and locations, without the need for a central server. In practical scenarios, the distributed datasets can have significantly different data distributions across the agents. The current state-of-the-art decentralized algorithms mostly assume the data distributions to be Independent and Identically Distributed (IID). This paper focuses on improving decentralized learning over non-IID data distributions with minimal compute and memory overheads. We propose Neighborhood Gradient Clustering (NGC), a novel decentralized learning algorithm that modifies the local gradients of each agent using self- and cross-gradient information. In particular, the proposed method replaces the local gradients of the model with the weighted mean of the self-gradients, model-variant cross-gradients (derivatives of the received neighbors' model parameters with respect to the local dataset), and data-variant cross-gradients (derivatives of the local model with respect to its neighbors' datasets). Further, we present CompNGC, a compressed version of NGC that reduces the communication overhead by $32 \times$ by compressing the cross-gradients. We demonstrate the empirical convergence and efficiency of the proposed technique over non-IID data distributions sampled from the CIFAR-10 dataset on various model architectures and graph topologies. Our experiments demonstrate that NGC and CompNGC outperform the existing state-of-the-art (SoTA) decentralized learning algorithm over non-IID data by $1-5\%$ with significantly less compute and memory requirements. Further, we also show that the proposed NGC method outperforms the baseline by $5-40\%$ with no additional communication.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 7 table

Verifix: Post-Training Correction to Improve Label Noise Robustness with Verified Samples

Label corruption, where training samples have incorrect labels, can significantly degrade the performance of machine learning models. This corruption often arises from non-expert labeling or adversarial attacks. Acquiring large, perfectly labeled datasets is costly, and retraining large models from scratch when a clean dataset becomes available is computationally expensive. To address this challenge, we propose Post-Training Correction, a new paradigm that adjusts model parameters after initial training to mitigate label noise, eliminating the need for retraining. We introduce Verifix, a novel Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based algorithm that leverages a small, verified dataset to correct the model weights using a single update. Verifix uses SVD to estimate a Clean Activation Space and then projects the model's weights onto this space to suppress activations corresponding to corrupted data. We demonstrate Verifix's effectiveness on both synthetic and real-world label noise. Experiments on the CIFAR dataset with 25% synthetic corruption show 7.36% generalization improvements on average. Additionally, we observe generalization improvements of up to 2.63% on naturally corrupted datasets like WebVision1.0 and Clothing1M

Risk factors and management of ectopic pregnancy

Background: One of the critical and commonest acute abdominal emergencies which a gynaecologist has to manage in day to day practise is ectopic pregnancy. The present study is compilation to know the risk factors and different modalities of medical and surgical management of patients with ectopic pregnancy.Methods: All patients diagnosed of Ectopic pregnancy at Basaveshwar teaching and general hospital and Sangameshwar teaching and general hospital attached to Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College were part of the study, over a period of two years (August 2014 to July 2016). It was a prospective study with pivot tables, graphs and chi square test.Results: In a span of 2 years 50 cases were studied. Maximum age incidence was 21-25 years. Greater incidence was seen in primigravida accounting for 28%. Most patients presented with pain in abdomen (50 cases). Risk factors included previous abortion, contraception history, sterilization history and pelvic surgery. 47 cases underwent laparotomy and 3 cases were managed medically. 66% had tubal rupture and the most common site was ampulla. Post-operative period was uneventful in majority of cases.Conclusions: With the increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy, screening of high risk cases, early diagnosis and early intervention are required to prevent the maternal deaths and conservation of reproductive health

Study of impact of anemia on pregnancy

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is highly prevalent in developing countries like India. Mostly is nutritional, of which iron deficiency anemia is predominant. Pregnancy is a state of hemodilution, also there is increased requirement of iron and folic acid during pregnancy. The incidence varies with socioeconomic status, literacy. Anemia has adverse outcome on both mother and fetal health. Poor fetal outcome like increase in preterm deliveries, increase in intrauterine growth restriction, increase in NICU admission, intrauterine death is seen. Maternal complications increase with anemia. This study aims to study the prevalence, type of anemia and its effect on mother and fetus. Objective of present study were to investigate the type and degree of anemia and to study the maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This study was done in department of obstetrics and gynecology in M. R. Medical college kalaburagi for 1 year. Study was conducted on 100 pregnant women. Haemoglobin estimation was done for all woman in 3rd trimester. Severity of anemia was detected by ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research) classification. Depending on degree and type of anemia all were treated and followed up for maternal and perinatal outcome.Results: The incidence of mild, moderate, severe anemia were 28%, 54%, 18% respectively. Most of the anemic woman belonged to low socioeceonomic status 84%. 16% had maternal complications. Poor perinatal outcome was seen in unbooked and referred cases.Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a major problem in developing countries with poor maternal and neonatal outcome. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve both maternal and neonatal outcome

Role of transvaginal sonography in various gynecological disorders

Background: Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is a new diagnostic technique used for the evaluation of the female pelvis. The objective of the present study was to study the role of TVS and to assess the diagnostic accuracy in gynecological disorders.Methods: Total number of 100 patients attending OPDs with various complaints was selected by random technique of the study.  All the patients have informed consent and thorough clinical examination including general, systemic and pelvic examination was conducted after taking a detailed history then the patients underwent TVS followed by one of the procedures like fractional curettage, dilatation and curettage and abdominal hysterectomy (with or without conservation of ovaries) or conservative management with regular follow up.Results: The sensitivity of TVS in diagnosing dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) was 100% and specificity was 85.1% and 95% respectively. For fibroids and ovarian mass diagnosis, sensitivity was 68.9% and 80.9% respectively and specificity was 100%. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnosis was 70.0% whereas TVS had 94.0% of diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing various gynecological disorders.Conclusions: The final outcome is that TVS examination is an important non-invasive investigation, can be used as important diagnostic method in various gynecological disorders as it has got a high diagnostic accuracy