Digital NFATc2 Activation per Cell Transforms Graded T Cell Receptor Activation into an All-or-None IL-2 Expression

The expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a key event in T helper (Th) lymphocyte activation, controlling both, the expansion and differentiation of effector Th cells as well as the activation of regulatory T cells. We demonstrate that the strength of TCR stimulation is translated into the frequency of memory Th cells expressing IL-2 but not into the amount of IL-2 per cell. This molecular switch decision for IL-2 expression per cell is located downstream of the cytosolic Ca2+ level. Here we show that in a single activated Th cell, NFATc2 activation is digital but NF-κB activation is graded after graded T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Subsequently, NFATc2 translocates into the nucleus in an all-or-none fashion per cell, transforming the strength of TCR-stimulation into the number of nuclei positive for NFATc2 and IL-2 transcription. Thus, the described NFATc2 switch regulates the number of Th cells actively participating in an immune response

Utilization and Acceptance of Interactive Infographics in Online Newspapers

FH-Forschungsforum 2017 Research - Innovation - Value Krems, Austria, 19.-20.4.2017Interactive infographics are a powerful tool to represent and communicate complex information. Especially in online journalism they are increasingly used by journalists. However, casual users are still unfamiliar with interactive infographics. The results of a user survey among readers of online newspapers point out how users interact with interactive infographics and how they assess the availability and findability of interactive infographics in online newspapers.Informationstechnologie und Informationsmanagemen

Interactive Infographics in German Online Newspapers

Interactive infographics are increasingly used in online journalism. Especially in data-driven journalism they provide a powerful tool to represent and communicate complex information. On the basis of a content analysis of five German-speaking online newspapers we show which kinds of interactive visualizations are preferred in German-speaking online media. However, users are still unfamiliar with interactive infographics. The results of a user survey demonstrate how readers of online newspapers use interactive infographics. These results point out how users interact with interactive infographics and how they assess the availability and findability of interactive infographics in online newspapers.Informationstechnologie und Informationsmanagemen

Acceptance and Usability of Interactive Infographics in Online Newspapers

21st International Conference Information Visualisation London, UK, 11.-14.7.2017Interactive infographics are a powerful tool to represent and communicate complex information. In data-driven journalism journalists use interactive infographics to explain new insights and facts while telling complex stories on the basis of retrieved data. However, readers of online news are still unexperienced while using interactive infographics. The results of a user survey among readers of online newspapers show how readers use and interact with interactive infographics in online newspapers. To improve the acceptance among users and to identify success factors of their utilization the results of a usability study of interactive infographics are presented.Informationstechnologie und Informationsmanagemen