4 research outputs found
PrognostiÄka vrijednost radioloÅ”kih deskriptivnih pokazatelja u prosudbi oporavka bolesnika s primarnim intracerebralnim krvarenjem
Uvod: Spontano intracerebralno krvarenje definirano je kao krvarenje unutar moždanog parenhima, predstavlja za život ugrožavajuÄe stanje i povezano je s visokim morbiditetom i mortalitetom. Primarno oÅ”teÄenje mozga uslijed ovakvog krvarenja proizlazi iz karakteristika samog hematoma, kao Å”to su njegova lokalizacija i volumen, Å”to utjeÄe na funkcionalni oporavak bolesnika i ishod lijeÄenja.
Cilj: U retrospektivnom preglednom istraživanju ispitati povezanost lokalizacije i volumena hematoma te prodora krvi u moždane klijetke s oporavkom i prognozom lijeÄenja bolesnika s primarnim spontanim intracerebralnim krvarenjem.
Metode: Tijekom petogodiÅ”njega retrospektivnog istraživanja provedenog u SveuÄiliÅ”noj kliniÄkoj bolnici Mostar na uzorku od 267 odraslih bolesnika sa spontanim intracerebralnim krvarenjem statistiÄki su analizirani demografski podaci i osnovne prediktivne varijable radioloÅ”kih deskriptivnih pokazatelja. Provjeravana je povezanost lokalizacije i volumena hematoma te intraventrikulskog krvarenja s ishodom lijeÄenja. Razina statistiÄke znaÄajnosti iznosila je p > 0,05.
Rezultati: Razlika u lokalizaciji hematoma izmeÄu preživjelih i umrlih bolesnika nije bila statistiÄki znaÄajna (p = 0,226). Razlika u volumenu hematoma izmeÄu istraživanih skupina bila je visoko statistiÄki znaÄajna (p < 0,001), kao i razlika u odnosu na prodor krvi u moždane klijetke (p = 0,001).
ZakljuÄak: Rezultatima provedenog istraživanja potvrÄeni su radioloÅ”ki deskriptivni pokazatelji volumena hematoma s prodorom krvi u moždane klijetke kao pouzdani negativni prediktori oporavka bolesnika s primarnim spontanim intracerebralnim krvarenjem
Trends in stroke thrombolysis rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina: a hospital-based observation study
Aim To assess trends in thrombolysis rates and door-to-needle times in University Hospital Mostar.
Methods Data from the University Hospital Mostar Registry were used. Information on the number of ischaemic stroke patients, intravenous thrombolysis rates and ādoor-to-needle timesā (DNT) were collected between January 2013 and December 2021.
Results Out of the total of 3100 ischaemic stroke patients, alteplase was given to 130 patients giving a thrombolysis rate of 4.2%. The mean hospital thrombolysis rate increased from 2.4% in 2013 to 10.6% in 2021.
Conclusion Although the hospital thrombolysis rate more than quadrupled, there is still a low proportion of acute ischaemic stroke patients who received intravenous thrombolysis therapy. Education and interventions indicating the importance of recognition and treatment of acute ischemic stoke are necessary for all physicians
Neurological Complications of COVID-19
Koronavirusna bolest u 2019. godini (COVID-19) uzrokovana je novootkrivenim korona virusom tipa 2 koji uzrokuje teÅ”ki akutni respiratorni sindrom (SARS-CoV-2). Virus je otkriven u prosincu 2019. godine, a od strane Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije je, zbog broja oboljelih i proÅ”irenosti Å”irom svijeta, proglaÅ”ena pandemija. KliniÄka prezentacija COVID-19 varira od asimptomatskog do teÅ”kog oblika i smrtnog ishoda. Iako kliniÄkom slikom dominiraju respiratorne smetnje, mnogobrojne studije ukazuju na pojavu akutnih i kroniÄnih neuroloÅ”kih komplikacija u skoro treÄine oboljelih. NajÄeÅ”Äi neuroloÅ”ki simptomi akutne faze COVID-19 su glavobolja, gubitak njuha i okusa, poremeÄaji stanja svijesti, encefalopatije, encefalitisi, moždani udar, bolovi u miÅ”iÄima, epileptiÄki napadaji, poliradikulopatije (GBS) te pojaÄan umor i netolerancija napora, poremeÄaji vegetativnih funkcija, kognitivne i psihiÄke smetnje u postinfekcijskoj fazi oboljenja. Potencijalni patofizioloÅ”ki mehanizam nastanka neuroloÅ”kih poremeÄaja u akutnoj fazi ukljuÄuje koagulopatije s udruženim hipoksiÄno-ishemijskim oÅ”teÄenjima, poremeÄajem krvno-moždane barijere, endoteliopatijama i neuroinvazijom virusa, udruženom s neuro-imunim odgovorom.
Cilj ovog Älanka je prikazati najÄeÅ”Äe akutne i kroniÄne neuroloÅ”ke poremeÄaje vezane uz COVID-19 kod odraslih bolesnika kao i potencijalni patofizioloÅ”ki mehanizam nastanka neuroloÅ”kih poremeÄaja, a buduÄe epidemioloÅ”ke studije o bolesnicima s COVID-19 bi trebali utvrditi pravu incidenciju neuroloÅ”kih komplikacija COVID-19, razgraniÄiti specifiÄne neuroloÅ”ke sindrome, postaviti dijagnostiÄke i terapijske protokole ta razjasniti mehanizam nastanka poremeÄaja.Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the newly discovered coronavirus type 2 which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was discovered in December 2019, and the World Health Organization has declared a pandemic due to the number of cases and the spread around the world. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to severe and lethal outcome. Although the clinical picture is dominated by respiratory disorders, numerous studies indicate the occurrence of acute and chronic neurological complications in almost a third of patients. The most common neurological symptoms of the acute phase of COVID-19 are headache, loss of smell and taste, disturbances of consciousness, encephalopathies, encephalitis, stroke, muscle pain, epileptic seizures, polyradiculopathy (GBS) and increased fatigue and intolerance to stressful and mental disorders in the postinfectious phase of the disease. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of neurological disorders in the acute phase include coagulopathies with associated hypoxic-ischemic damage, blood-brain barrier disorder, endotheliopathies and neuroinvasion of viruses with associated neuro-immune response.
The objective of this paper is to present the most common acute and chronic neurological disorders related to COVID-19 in adult patients as well as the potential pathophysiological mechanism of neurological disorders, and future epidemiological studies on patients with COVID-19 should determine the true incidence of specific neurological syndromes, to establish diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and to clarify the mechanism of disorder development
Motor rehabilitation after stroke: European Stroke Organisation (ESO) consensus-based definition and guiding framework
Purpose: To propose a consensus-based definition and framework for motor rehabilitation after stroke. Methods: An expert European working group reviewed the literature, attaining internal consensus after external feedback. Findings: Motor rehabilitation is defined as a process that engages people with stroke to benefit their motor function, activity capacity and performance in daily life. It is necessary for people with residual motor disability whose goal is to enhance their functioning, independence and participation. Motor rehabilitation operates through learning- and use-dependent mechanisms. The trajectory of motor recovery varies across patients and stages of recovery. Early behavioral restitution of motor function depends on spontaneous biological mechanisms. Further improvements in activities of daily living are achieved by compensations. Motor rehabilitation is guided by regular assessment of motor function and activity using consensus-based measures, including patient-reported outcomes. Results are discussed with the patient and their carers to set personal goals. During motor rehabilitation patients learn to optimize and adapt their motor, sensory and cognitive functioning through appropriately dosed repetitive, goal-oriented, progressive, task- and context-specific training. Motor rehabilitation supports people with stroke to maximize health, well-being and quality of life. The framework describes the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the context of stroke, describes neurobiological mechanisms of behavioral restitution and compensation, and summarizes recommendations for clinical assessment, prediction tools, and motor interventions with strong recommendations from clinical practice guidelines (2016ā2022). Conclusions: This definition and framework may guide clinical educators, inform clinicians on current recommendations and guidelines, and identify gaps in the evidence base