2,834 research outputs found
Categorical Traffic Transformer: Interpretable and Diverse Behavior Prediction with Tokenized Latent
Adept traffic models are critical to both planning and closed-loop simulation
for autonomous vehicles (AV), and key design objectives include accuracy,
diverse multimodal behaviors, interpretability, and downstream compatibility.
Recently, with the advent of large language models (LLMs), an additional
desirable feature for traffic models is LLM compatibility. We present
Categorical Traffic Transformer (CTT), a traffic model that outputs both
continuous trajectory predictions and tokenized categorical predictions (lane
modes, homotopies, etc.). The most outstanding feature of CTT is its fully
interpretable latent space, which enables direct supervision of the latent
variable from the ground truth during training and avoids mode collapse
completely. As a result, CTT can generate diverse behaviors conditioned on
different latent modes with semantic meanings while beating SOTA on prediction
accuracy. In addition, CTT's ability to input and output tokens enables
integration with LLMs for common-sense reasoning and zero-shot generalization
Assessing suicidal risk with antiepileptic drugs
Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration issued an alert about an increased risk for suicidality during treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for different indications, including epilepsy. We discuss the issue of suicide in epilepsy with special attention to AEDs and the assessment of suicide in people with epilepsy. It has been suggested that early medical treatment with AEDs might potentially reduce suicide risk of people with epilepsy, but it is of great importance that the choice of drug is tailored to the mental state of the patient. The issue of suicidality in epilepsy is likely to represent an example of how the underdiagnosis of psychiatric symptoms, the lack of input from professionals (eg, psychologists, social workers, and psychiatrists), and the delay in an optimized AED therapy may worsen the prognosis of the condition with the occurrence of severe complications such as suicide
Aesthetic Experiences Across Cultures: Neural Correlates When Viewing Traditional Eastern or Western Landscape Paintings
Compared with traditional Western landscape paintings, Chinese traditional landscape paintings usually apply a reversed-geometric perspective and concentrate more on contextual information. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we discovered an intracultural bias in the aesthetic appreciation of Western and Eastern traditional landscape paintings in European and Chinese participants. When viewing Western and Eastern landscape paintings in an fMRI scanner, participants showed stronger brain activation to artistic expressions from their own culture. Europeans showed greater activation in visual and sensory-motor brain areas, regions in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and hippocampus when viewing Western compared to Eastern landscape paintings. Chinese participants exhibited greater neural activity in the medial and inferior occipital cortex and regions of the superior parietal lobule in response to Eastern compared to Western landscape paintings. On the behavioral level, the aesthetic judgments also differed between Western and Chinese participants when viewing landscape paintings from different cultures; Western participants showed for instance higher valence values when viewing Western landscapes, while Chinese participants did not show this effect when viewing Chinese landscapes. In general, our findings offer differentiated support for a cultural modulation at the behavioral level and in the neural architecture for high-level aesthetic appreciation
Anti-cd103 antibodies
The present invention relates to anti-CD 103 antibodies, as well as use of these antibodies in diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. Also disclosed is an imaging agent comprising the anti-CD 103 antibody and a detectable label, wherein the the antibody either does not block CD 103 binding to E-cadherin or at least partially blocks CD 103 binding to E-cadherin. The methods of treatment involve administering the anti CD 103 antibody which may be optionally coupled to a cytotoxic agent. Diseases to be treated include e.g. Hairy Cell leukemia, HCLv, intestinal and extraintestinal lymphomas, enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T- ALL), T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), adult T cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATLL), mycosis fungoides ( ME), anaplastic large cell lymphoma ALCL, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), Sezary Syndrome (SS), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis
Individuality and universality in the growth-division laws of single E. coli cells
The mean size of exponentially dividing E. coli cells cultured in different
nutrient conditions is known to depend on the mean growth rate only. However,
the joint fluctuations relating cell size, doubling time and individual growth
rate are only starting to be characterized. Recent studies in bacteria (i)
revealed the near constancy of the size extension in a single cell cycle (adder
mechanism), and (ii) reported a universal trend where the spread in both size
and doubling times is a linear function of the population means of these
variables. Here, we combine experiments and theory and use scaling concepts to
elucidate the constraints posed by the second observation on the division
control mechanism and on the joint fluctuations of sizes and doubling times. We
found that scaling relations based on the means both collapse size and
doubling-time distributions across different conditions, and explain how the
shape of their joint fluctuations deviates from the means. Our data on these
joint fluctuations highlight the importance of cell individuality: single cells
do not follow the dependence observed for the means between size and either
growth rate or inverse doubling time. Our calculations show that these results
emerge from a broad class of division control mechanisms (including the adder
mechanism as a particular case) requiring a certain scaling form of the
so-called "division hazard rate function", which defines the probability rate
of dividing as a function of measurable parameters. This gives a rationale for
the universal body-size distributions observed in microbial ecosystems across
many microbial species, presumably dividing with multiple mechanisms.
Additionally, our experiments show a crossover between fast and slow growth in
the relation between individual-cell growth rate and division time, which can
be understood in terms of different regimes of genome replication control.Comment: 39 pages, 7 main figures, 17 supplementary figure
- …