A Usability Evaluation Framework for B2C E-Commerce Websites

The research aims to findings of quantitative and qualitative analysis of several usability problems of B2C        e-commerce online shopping websites. Here we presented a framework for the usability evaluation process of B2C e-commerce websites. This involved user testing (usability testing, inspection and inquiry) and open source automated tool like Camtasia. The framework was represented by the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in lieu of the specific areas of usability problems. The framework gives proper attention that user testing is good for identifying specific major usability problems related to four areas: navigation, design, the purchasing process, and customer service. Keywords: Navigation, Design, Purchasing Process, B2C E-Commerce, Framework, Usability Proble

Inflation with an antisymmetric tensor field

We investigate the possibility of inflation with models of antisymmetric tensor field having minimal and nonminimal couplings to gravity. Although the minimal model does not support inflation, the nonminimal models, through the introduction of a nonminimal coupling to gravity, can give rise to stable de-Sitter solutions with a bound on the coupling parameters. The values of field and coupling parameters are sub-planckian. Slow roll analysis is performed and slow-roll parameters are defined which can give the required number of e-folds for sufficient inflation. Stability analysis has been performed for perturbations to antisymmetric field while keeping the metric unperturbed, and it is found that only the sub-horizon modes are free of ghost instability for de-Sitter space.Comment: 10 pages; minor correction to the claim of Sec. IV; to appear in EPJ

Identification of Crash Fault & Value Fault for Random Network in Dynamic Environment

During the past few years distributed systems have been the focus of considerable research in computer science. Fault tolerance in distributed systems is a wide area with a significant body of literature that is vastly diverse in methodology and terminology. Fault tolerance is the ability of a system to perform its function correctly even in the presence of internal faults. An extensive methodology has been developed in this field over the past few years, and a number of fault-tolerant machines have been developed but most dealing with random hardware faults, while a smaller number deal with software, design and operator faults to varying degrees. Our work mainly focuses on the simulation of the system that deals with software faults means the faults that occur because of the failure or error in the internal software component. Our work is restricted to distributed diagnosis in dynamic fault environment. Basically we have created different not-completely connected random networks with number of nodes ranging from 8 to 256.Then we have induced faults to these networks dynamically using poison distribution. Three different algorithms have been implemented to detect the faults and the comparison among these algorithms, based on delay latency and number of message exchanges, has been represented graphically. The software faults that we had dealt with are crash fault and value fault in a distributed system (not-completely connected network). Although many researches have been done in the crash fault area but very less work has been done in diagnosing the value faults in dynamic fault environment

Retrospective case control study on typhoid and non-typhoid small bowel perforation

Background: Out of several causes of small bowel perforations, Typhoid is the commonest cause in tropical countries claiming a higher morbidity and mortality profile. In Spite of conducting a good clinical examination and a battery of investigatory procedures, the etiology of perforation still remains obscure in a good number of cases. This retrospective case control study was conducted with an objective to evaluate the causes of small bowel perforation and to compare the surgical procedures and the outcomes in patients of typhoid and non-typhoid small bowel perforations.Methods: This study was based on hospital records for the last 3 years from April 2003 to April 2006. All the cases that were admitted with perforations had undergone a battery of tests to rule out the causes. 69 patients had one or the other test positive for typhoid (cases); the other causes of perforation were taken as control (n=43).Results: In typhoid perforations, although none of the operative procedures are clearly advantageous over the other, but anastomoses including the by-pass procedures are associated with more of complications wound dehiscence (p value 0.004), anastomotic leakage (p value 0.04), intra-abdominal collections (p value 0.009) with a longer hospital stay and hence to be avoided as practicable.Conclusions: Typhoid ileal perforation still has a poor prognosis with high morbidity and mortality. Late presentation, delayed surgery, multiple perforations, severe peritoneal contamination, and post-operative faecal fistula are factors that have an adverse effect on mortality. Most deaths occur during the early post-operative period, with survivors having a prolonged hospital stay