Extended 16x16 Play-Fair Algorithm for Secure Key Exchange Using RSA Algorithm

With the world entering in the 21st century rigorous efforts are being made to secure data and flow of information among the users. Though with the advancements are fast and efficient the third party intervention and security threats has also increased many folds. The algorithms being used to encrypt and decrypt data needs to be strong enough to secure the data but also simple enough for a user to handle the process. With this article a novel, practical approach is presented which not only makes the information more secured but also being based on RSA algorithm is easy enough for users to understand and implement into the systems

SCM Strategy for Sales Augmentation using TSP Algorithm and Time Bound Marginal Discount Utility

At present, Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) industries target wholesale dealers and not the retailers for supplying their finished goods. The reasons for this being: a) Dealers are fewer in numbers and hence net distance travelled per shipment is less b) Dealers tend to demand higher lot sizes, thereby decreasing overall cost of transportation per unit for the product. This work presents a supply chain strategy to use retailer based distribution by solving both the issues by a) using the concept of milk runs by taking analogy of Travelling Salesman Problem to decrease transportation cost and b) applying time bound marginal discount utility to solve the issue of low lot sizes. A case study has been prepared based on field experiences of middle level FMEG industry for its four popular consumer products. It presents application of travelling salesman problem (TSP) algorithm to make efficient milk runs. Also, concept of time bound marginal discount utility solution is proposed to find an optimum discount price to optimize the transportation cost and revenues. The paper compares this proposed supply chain strategy with manufacturer to dealer model and manufacturer to retailer model with various combinations

Expression of Dkk 1 in Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma & Its Correlation with Wnt / β-catenin Signaling Pathway

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the most common form of cancer affecting female reproductive organs. Most common histologic type endometrioid carcinoma constitutes 75 to 80% of all cases. Studies on Dkk1 expression profiles and its inhibitory role in Wnt signaling pathway in genesis and development of endometrial carcinoma are very few. This study aims to investigate Dkk1 expression in endometrial carcinoma and its correlation with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Methods: A total of 160 formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples including 50 cases each of endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid endometrial carcinoma along with 30 cases each of proliferative and secretory endometrium were included in this study. We investigated expression pattern of Dkk1, E-cadherin, β-catenin and c-myc in endometrial atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma as well as compared with that of proliferative and secretory endometrium. Immunohistochemistry and analysis were performed from July, 2018 to June, 2020. Results: We showed decreasing pattern of immunopositivity for Dkk1, E-cadherin and β-catenin from proliferative/secretory endometrium to endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Increasing c-myc immunopositivity was noted from proliferative/secretory endometrium to endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Moreover, decreasing Dkk1 immunopositivity was well correlated with both E-cadherin, β-catenin and c-myc immunopositivity. Conclusion: Decreasing Dkk1 positivity from benign endometrium to endometrioid carcinoma suggests a negative regulatory function of Dkk1 in endometrioid carcinoma. Dkk1 is downregulated in Wnt signaling pathway in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. Thus, Dkk1 can show promise as a biomarker for screening endometrioid carcinoma. Future researches can study the reactivation of the Dkk1 gene that could be a valuable strategy for antagonizing Wnt signaling pathway. Keywords: Endometrioid carcinoma, Dkk1, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, β-catenin, E-cadheri

Role of pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancers

Background: Lymphadenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancers has remained a controversial subject. Lack of robust evidence on survival benefits and surgical morbidity associated questions its role in the era of adjuvant chemotherapy. The present study assessed pelvic and para-aortic lymph node removal in epithelial ovarian cancer in Indian women and tried to find clinicopathological correlation of nodal involvement and postoperative implications of lymphadenectomy.Methods: Thirty patients with diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer posted for primary debulking surgery were recruited and underwent staging laparotomy along with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Nodal involvement was confirmed on histopathology and various parameters which could predict nodal metastasis were assessed. Patients were followed up for 12 months post-surgery.Results: Nodal yield was ten for pelvic and four for paraaortic nodes. Pelvic node involvement was seen in 26.6% (8/30) of the patients and para-aortic in 15% (3/20) of the patients. Serous histology, higher grade, stage 3 and above, positive peritoneal cytology, omental involvement showed a higher lymph node involvement though not statistically significant. Para-aortic lymphadenectomy was associated with increased operating time, blood loss and longer hospital stay.Conclusions: Lymphadenectomy increases morbidity and decision should be based on predictors of nodal involvement

Tissue biomarkers in prognostication of serous ovarian cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Serous ovarian cancer (SOC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in females with poor prognosis because of advanced stage at presentation. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is being used for management of advanced SOC, but role of tissue biomarkers in prognostication following NACT is not well established. The study was conducted on advanced stage SOC patients (n = 100) that were treated either conventionally (n = 50) or with NACT (n = 50), followed by surgery. In order to evaluate the expression of tissue biomarkers (p53, MIB1, estrogen and progesterone receptors, Her-2/neu, E-cadherin, and Bcl2), immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative scoring were done following morphological examination. Following NACT, significant differences in tumor histomorphology were observed as compared to the native neoplasms. MIB 1 was significantly lower in cases treated with NACT and survival outcome was significantly better in cases with low MIB 1. ER expression was associated with poor overall survival. No other marker displayed any significant difference in expression or correlation with survival between the two groups. Immunophenotype of SOC does not differ significantly in samples from cases treated with NACT, compared to upfront surgically treated cases. The proliferating capacity of the residual tumor cells is less, depicted by low mean MIB1 LI. MIB 1 and ER inversely correlate with survival

Incidental gonadoblastoma in swyer syndrome: a case report with brief review of literature

Swyer syndrome is a disorder of sexual differentiation with an incidence of 1 in 80,000 population. Dysgenetic gonads have a propensity for malignant transformation particularly in the presence of Y chromosome and hence need prophylactic removal. We report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with primary amenorrhea who was identified as a case of 46 XY dysgenesis after karyotype studies. Extirpation of gonads were done laparoscopically and on histopathological assessment gonadoblastoma was detected. This case report aims to reiterate the importance of gonadectomy in patients with swyer syndrome as tumors could arise even in the absence of frank adnexal masses

A Molecular Docking and Pharmacokinetic Prediction of Thiazolidine-2, 4-dione Derivatives: Toward Novel Therapeutic Targets for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading endocrine disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by hyperglycemia and high insulin resistance. The commonly prescribed oral therapeutic for insulin resistance in T2DM is Thiazolidine-2, 4-diones (TZDs). TZDs are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents that act on Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) receptors and are mainly expressed in the adipose tissues. In this work, we derive novel classes of TZDs and predict the nature of structural affinity using docking studies against the PPAR-γ.

Comprehensive mutations analyses of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) and their effects on FTO’s substrate binding implicated in obesity

An excessive amount of fat deposition in the body leads to obesity which is a complex disease and poses a generic threat to human health. It increases the risk of various other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and multiple types of cancer. Genomic studies have shown that the expression of the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene was highly altered and identified as one of the key biomarkers for obesity. This study has been undertaken to investigate the mutational profile of the FTO gene and elucidates its effect on the protein structure and function. Harmful effects of various missense mutations were predicted using different independent tools and it was observed that all mutations were highly pathogenic. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the structure and function of FTO protein upon different mutations and it was found that mutations decreased the structure stability and affected protein conformation. Furthermore, a protein residue network analysis suggested that the mutations affected the overall residues bonding and topology. Finally, molecular docking coupled with MD simulation suggested that mutations affected FTO substrate binding by changing the protein-ligand affinity. Hence, the results of this finding would help in an in-depth understanding of the molecular biology of the FTO gene and its variants and lead to the development of effective therapeutics against associated diseases and disorders

Pulseless Right Upper Limb: An Unusual Manifestation of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Aspergillus is the most common cause of fungal pneumonia in acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Despite a high index of suspicion and prompt institution of specific antifungal therapy, it causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies. It has to be differentiated from mucormycosis because the treatment differs. Histological confirmation obtained by lung biopsy is ideal, but is difficult to obtain in those patients who often have thrombocytopenia. We report a case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with typical manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis who developed pulseless right arm due to invasion of the right subclavian artery. When total leucocyte counts recovered, patient also developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and massive pulmonary hemorrhage, which was managed by bronchial artery embolization

Systems Genomics of Thigh Adipose Tissue From Asian Indian Type-2 Diabetics Revealed Distinct Protein Interaction Hubs

We performed a systematic analysis of genes implicated in thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue of Asian Indian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (AIT2DM) and created a phenome-interactome network. This analysis was performed on 60 subjects specific to limb thigh fat by integrating phenotypic traits and similarity scores associated with AIT2DM. Using a phenotypic attribute, a contextual neighbor was identified across all the traits, viz. body mass index (BMI) statistics, adipocyte size, lipid parameters, homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-ß. In this work, we have attempted to characterize transcription signatures using the phenome-interactome maps where each of the traits under study including the intermediary phenotypes has a distinct set of genes forming the hubs. Furthermore, we have identified various clinical, biochemical, and radiological parameters which show significant correlation with distinct hubs. We observed a number of novel pathways and genes including those that are non-coding RNAs implicated in AIT2DM.We showed that they appear to be associated with pathways, viz. tyrosine kinase JAK2, NOTCH thereby recruiting signaling molecules such as STAT5 and Src family kinases on the cell surface regulated them and our analyses comprising significant hubs suggest that thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue plays a role in pathophysiology of AIT2DM