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    Pediatric Hospitalizations Associated with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina

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    Fil: Libster, Romina. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bugna, Jimena. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Coviello, Silvina. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Hijano, Diego R. Hospital De Ni帽os Sor Mar铆a Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Dunaiewsky, Mariana. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Reynoso, Natalia. Hospital Municipal Materno Infantil de San Isidro; Argentina.Fil: Cavalieri, Maria L. Hospital Eva Per贸n, Benito Ju谩rez, Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guglielmo, Maria C. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Areso, M. Soledad. Hospital Eva Per贸n, Benito Ju谩rez, Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Gilligan, Tomas. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Santucho, Fernanda. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Cabral, Graciela. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Gregorio, Gabriela L. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Moreno, Rina. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Lutz, Maria I. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Panigasi, Alicia L. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Saligari, Liliana. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Caballero, Mauricio T. Hospital De Ni帽os Sor Mar铆a Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Eg眉es Almeida, Rodrigo M. Hospital De Ni帽os Sor Mar铆a Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Gutierrez Meyer, Maria E. Hospital De Ni帽os Sor Mar铆a Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Neder, Maria D. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Davenport, Maria C. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Del Valle, Maria P. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Santidrian, Valeria S. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Mosca, Guillermina. Ministerio de Ciencia, T茅cnica e Innovaci贸n. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Alvarez, Liliana. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Landa, Patricia. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Pota, Ana. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bolo帽ati, Norma. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Dalamon, Ricardo. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Sanchez Mercol, Victoria I. Hospital Eva Per贸n, Benito Ju谩rez, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Espinoza, Marco. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Peuchot, Juan Carlos. Hospital Eva Per贸n, Benito Ju谩rez, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Karolinski, Ariel. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bruno, Miriam. Hospital General de Agudos Carlos G. Durand, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Borsa, Ana. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Ferrero, Fernando. Hospital General de Ni帽os Pedro de Elizalde, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Bonina, Angel. Hospital De Ni帽os Sor Mar铆a Ludovica, La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Ramonet, Margarita. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Albano, Lidia C. Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, El Palomar, Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Luedicke, Nora. Ministerio de Ciencia, T茅cnica e Innovaci贸n. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Alterman, Elias. Fundaci贸n Infant, Ciudad Aut贸noma de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Savy, Vilma L. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbr谩n. Instituto de Enfermedades Infecciosas; Argentina.Fil: Baumeister, Elsa. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbr谩n. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Virolog铆a. Servicio de Virosis Respiratoria; Argentina.Fil: Chappell, James D. Vanderbilt University. Pathology, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Edwards, Kathryn M. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Melendi, Guillermina A. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Fil: Polack, Fernando P. Vanderbilt University. Departments of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee; Estados Unidos.Background: While the Northern Hemisphere experiences the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, data from the recent influenza season in the Southern Hemisphere can provide important information on the burden of disease in children. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case series involving children with acute infection of the lower respiratory tract or fever in whom 2009 H1N1 influenza was diagnosed on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay and who were admitted to one of six pediatric hospitals serving a catchment area of 1.2 million children. We compared rates of admission and death with those among age-matched children who had been infected with seasonal influenza strains in previous years. Results: Between May and July 2009, a total of 251 children were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza. Rates of hospitalization were double those for seasonal influenza in 2008. Of the children who were hospitalized, 47 (19%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, 42 (17%) required mechanical ventilation, and 13 (5%) died. The overall rate of death was 1.1 per 100,000 children, as compared with 0.1 per 100,000 children for seasonal influenza in 2007. (No pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza were reported in 2008.) Most deaths were caused by refractory hypoxemia in infants under 1 year of age (death rate, 7.6 per 100,000). Conclusions: Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza was associated with pediatric death rates that were 10 times the rates for seasonal influenza in previous years
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