Multi-objective optimal provision of fast frequency response from EV clusters

Declining levels of rotational inertia in modern power systems prompt transmission system operators (TSOs) to develop novel ways of maintaining the balance between generation and demand. Services such as fast frequency response (FFR) can help the TSO achieve this balance. The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) promotes the provision of FFR from clusters of EVs. Fast charging stations are more geared towards destination charging, whereas slow charging stations are more attractive as providers of FFR, given the longer connection times. In this study, the provision of FFR from EV clusters is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem with network security constraints and two minimisation objectives, i.e. the maximum frequency deviation following a disturbance and the energy provided by public EV charging stations. A methodology was developed to solve the optimisation problem with a variant of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. This methodology allows the decision-maker to consider trade-offs among the objectives, leading to a more informed decision. An enhanced frequency-responsive aggregate model of an EV cluster was developed to study the provision of FFR in a multi-area power system. A reduced model of the Nordic power system was used to illustrate the performance of the proposed methodology.Accepted author manuscriptIntelligent Electrical Power Grid

Analysis of barriers and overcoming strategies to support the adoption and complete industralization of VR technology: A collective case study at AF-KLM

This research illuminates the complexities of Virtual Reality (VR) technology adoption within the airline industry, with a specific emphasis on Air France-KLM. Despite VR's transformative potential and its increasing prevalence in various sectors, its adoption in the airline industry presents unique challenges. The central research question guiding this study was: "How can VR technology adoption be effectively supported within the airline industry to achieve complete industrialization?"A methodological blend of comprehensive literature review and a detailed case study at AF-KLM was employed. The literature review revealed established technology adoption frameworks while also highlighting potential gaps, particularly concerning the airline industry's unique context. The case study at AF-KLM provided empirical depth, identifying various adoption barriers and potential strategies to overcome them.Key findings underscored the importance of strategic alignment, managerial commitment, user acceptance, and continuous assessment in the VR adoption process. Based on these insights, a tailored technology adoption framework was developed, offering a roadmap for entities in their VR adoption journey. While the framework was specifically crafted for AF-KLM, its principles hold broader applicability.This research contributes significantly to the academic understanding of technology adoption in specialized industry contexts. Practically, it offers a strategic tool for organizations, ensuring that VR adoption translates to tangible benefits. As the technological landscape continues to evolve, this research serves as both a reflection on VR's current adoption challenges and a guide for future endeavors.Complex Systems Engineering and Management (CoSEM

Controller to enable the enhanced frequency response services from a multi-electrical energy storage system

The increased adoption of renewable energy generation is reducing the inertial response of the Great Britain (GB) power system, which translates into larger frequency variations in both transient and pseudo-steady-state operation. To help mitigate this, National Grid, the transmission system operator in GB, has designed a control scheme called enhanced frequency response (EFR) specifically aimed at energy storage systems (ESSs). This study proposes a control system that enables the provision of EFR services from a multi-electrical ESS and at the same time allows the management of the state of charge (SOC) of each ESS. The proposed control system uses a Fuzzy Logic Controller to maintain the SOC as near as possible to the desired SOC of each ESS while providing EFR. The performance of the proposed controller is validated in transient and steadystate domains. Simulation results highlight the benefits of managing the SOC of the energy storage assets with the proposed controller. These benefits include a reduced rate of change of frequency and frequency nadir following a loss of generation as well as an increase in the service performance measure which renders into increased economic benefits for the service provider.Accepted author manuscriptIntelligent Electrical Power Grid

La arqueología de la ciudad de México en un viaje por el metro. Conferencia Magistral<p>XXIII Simposio Román Piña Chan.Zonas Arqueológicas en Contextos Urbanos<p>

Pedro Francisco Sanchez Nava expone la relación entre la historia de la construcción del metro y los hallazgos arqueológicos que se han dado en la construcción de este sistema de transporte, después de explicar los procesos contructivos, hace un breve recorrido por 11 líneas del metro a través de las piezas y vestigios encontrados.</p

Security Assessment of System Frequency Response

Low inertia power systems experience more extreme frequency dynamics immediately after a disturbance. A higher rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) contributes to a lower frequency nadir which could trigger load shedding schemes. Active power injections in a time frame of two seconds or less are necessary to maintain frequency stability. This paper develops an analysis of the closed-loop transfer function of a single-area power system model for frequency response (FR). This model is useful to study the frequency dynamics following a sudden load imbalance in a highly meshed system in which all the generating units are combined into a single equivalent unit with an aggregated inertia constant. The dynamics of the turbine and speed governor are included as first-order lag functions in the Laplace domain. A numeric example of the impact of system inertia and frequency controllers in the UK power system is then developed in MATLAB, and minimum values for Primary and Fast Frequency Response (FFR) power injections are calculated.Intelligent Electrical Power Grid

La arqueología en contextos urbanos. Conferencia Magistral<p>XXIII Simposio Román Piña Chan.Zonas Arqueológicas en Contextos Urbanos<p>

El crecimiento urbano del país, casi siempre masivo y caótico, que se empieza a dar a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX, ha incidido de manera directa sobre el patrimonio arqueológico en ciudades con una larga trayectoria ocupacional y se ha convertido en una de las grandes preocupaciones del INAH desde su fundación en 1939. Sin embargo, el manejo de estos bienes y procurar su salvaguarda son procesos cada vez más complejos. Las tecnologías asociadas a temas de globalización y desarrollo, medidos a través de la creación de infraestructura, nos lleva a procesos cada día más críticos que afectan nuestro patrimonio.</p

La arqueología en contextos urbanos. Conferencia Magistral<p>XXIII Simposio Román Piña Chan.Zonas Arqueológicas en Contextos Urbanos<p>

El crecimiento urbano del país, casi siempre masivo y caótico, que se empieza a dar a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX, ha incidido de manera directa sobre el patrimonio arqueológico en ciudades con una larga trayectoria ocupacional y se ha convertido en una de las grandes preocupaciones del INAH desde su fundación en 1939. Sin embargo, el manejo de estos bienes y procurar su salvaguarda son procesos cada vez más complejos. Las tecnologías asociadas a temas de globalización y desarrollo, medidos a través de la creación de infraestructura, nos lleva a procesos cada día más críticos que afectan nuestro patrimonio.</p

Configuration of the Actor and Critic Network of the Deep Reinforcement Learning controller for Multi-Energy Storage System

The computational burden and the time required to train a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be appreciable, especially for the particular case of a DRL control used for frequency control of multi-electrical energy storage (MEESS). This paper presents an assessment of four training configurations of the actor and critic network to determine the configuration training that produces the lower computational time, considering the specific case of frequency control of MEESS. The training configuration cases are defined considering two processing units: CPU and GPU and are evaluated considering serial and parallel computing using MATLAB® 2020b Parallel Computing Toolbox. The agent used for this assessment is the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) agent. The environment represents the dynamic model to provide enhanced frequency response to the power system by controlling the state of charge of energy storage systems. Simulation results demonstrated that the best configuration to reduce the computational time is training both actor and critic network on CPU using parallel computing.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent Electrical Power Grid