Oxford partial knee replacement by microplasty instrumentation: Indian evidence

Background: There is increasing evidence in support of unicondylar knee replacement (UKR) as a superior surgical modality in a select group of patients of osteoarthritis knee. Oxford knee is one type of UKR with fully congruent, mobile bearing designed to minimize wear. This prospective study describes 5-year results of partial medial compartment knee replacement in 92 Indian cases by microplasty instrumentation.Methods: All 92 cases were operated by a single surgeon. Mean follow up was 5 years. In all cases oxford mobile bearing medial unicondylar knee prosthesis was implanted using minimally invasive surgical technique and the cases followed up.Results: Mean oxford score at the end of 5 year was 43. Patient satisfaction index at the end of 5 year was 98%. Mean maximum flexion was 125 degrees. Incidence of revision was 1.9. No deep or superficial infections were encountered. Average hospital stay was 3 days.Conclusions: There are variations in Indian patients as per size of implants, stay and similarities regarding less blood loss, improved oxford knee score, good range of motion, less morbidity, higher postoperative patient satisfaction and early getting back to work. Oxford partial knee replacement by microplasty instrumentation done in carefully selected patients with proper surgical technique gives excellent functional outcome and superior patient satisfaction

The influence of human core temperature on minute ventilation

Body temperature is known to affect human ventilation (Vg), yet the nature and mechanisms of this relationship are not resolved. The first study in this thesis explores how exercise-induced increases in body temperature affects ventilatory components, namely tidal volume (Vt) and frequency of respiration (f), and if these relationships are reproducible. Expressed as a function of esophageal temperature (Tes) in seven adult males during incremental exercise to maximum, ventilation and its components were reproducible using intraclass correlation coefficients, 0,84 < R < 0.93 (p<0.05). Since the relationships between ventilation variables and Tes were reproducible, a second study examined whether the mechanism of this effect could be mediated by an increased ventilatory sensitivity to C02- Central sensitivity to C02 was assessed using a modified Read rebreathing protocol before and after exercise induced warming in 6 male subjects. The slope and threshold point of ventilation expressed as a function of end tidal carbon dioxide were increased and decreased respectively, indicating an increased to sensitivity to C02 after body warming. In conclusion, the results support core temperature influence on human ventilation in a reproducible manner and that the effect of ventilation may be partially mediated by an increased central sensitivity to carbon dioxide

Intent-Aware Contextual Recommendation System

Recommender systems take inputs from user history, use an internal ranking algorithm to generate results and possibly optimize this ranking based on feedback. However, often the recommender system is unaware of the actual intent of the user and simply provides recommendations dynamically without properly understanding the thought process of the user. An intelligent recommender system is not only useful for the user but also for businesses which want to learn the tendencies of their users. Finding out tendencies or intents of a user is a difficult problem to solve. Keeping this in mind, we sought out to create an intelligent system which will keep track of the user's activity on a web-application as well as determine the intent of the user in each session. We devised a way to encode the user's activity through the sessions. Then, we have represented the information seen by the user in a high dimensional format which is reduced to lower dimensions using tensor factorization techniques. The aspect of intent awareness (or scoring) is dealt with at this stage. Finally, combining the user activity data with the contextual information gives the recommendation score. The final recommendations are then ranked using filtering and collaborative recommendation techniques to show the top-k recommendations to the user. A provision for feedback is also envisioned in the current system which informs the model to update the various weights in the recommender system. Our overall model aims to combine both frequency-based and context-based recommendation systems and quantify the intent of a user to provide better recommendations. We ran experiments on real-world timestamped user activity data, in the setting of recommending reports to the users of a business analytics tool and the results are better than the baselines. We also tuned certain aspects of our model to arrive at optimized results.Comment: Presented at the 5th International Workshop on Data Science and Big Data Analytics (DSBDA), 17th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM) 2017; 8 pages; 4 figures; Due to the limitation "The abstract field cannot be longer than 1,920 characters," the abstract appearing here is slightly shorter than the one in the PDF fil

Fracture supracondylar femur treated with various modalities of treatment-an exploratory study

Background: Present study looked at functional outcomes and rate of complications in cases of adult supracondylar-intercondylar femur fractures treated with different treatment modalities at a tertiary care government hospital.Methods: The study was conducted over 2 years wherein 23 patients with fracture in intercondylar-supracondylar region were included. The different implants and surgical techniques used in the study were: Condylar blade plate, dynamic condylar screw (DCS) with side plate, buttress plate single, supracondylar nail technique and TARPO technique. Neer’s criteria was used to compare functional outcome with different modalities of treatment.Results: Eight out of 11 patients treated using DCS with side plate-showed excellent results as per Neer’s criteria. Excellent results were observed in 3 out of 4 fractures fixed with GSH supra-condylar nail, 3 out of 3 in those fixed with TARPO technique, 0 out of 3 in patients managed using buttress plate and 1 out of 2 patients treated with blade plate.Conclusions: Closed method of reduction followed by internal fixation (TARPO technique and GSH nail) is better than open reduction (Buttress plate, DCS with side plate and condylar blade plate) for the management of fracture supracondylar femur. DCS with side plate by open method is at par with GSH nail and TARPO technique for knee ROM and rate of complications. It is recommended that, the Neer’s criteria should not be utilised in isolation for the purpose of comparing outcomes in cases of fracture supracondylar femur.

Study of Seat-belt Usage in Nevada & Driver\u27s Performance

According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), motor vehicle incidents has been reported to be the leading cause of the accidental deaths in the United States accounting for more than 42,000 deaths every year. Distracted driving and Driving under influence (DUI) are the major contributors to these roadway crashes. Moreover, drivers fatigue and drowsiness behind the wheel is another important factor contributing to the high fatality rate. These factors results in significant decline in the driver\u27s abilities of perception, recognition and vehicle control. It has also been reported by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimated that about 292,471 lives of passenger vehicle occupants age 5 and older were saved because of proper seat-belt use in such crashes from 1975 through 2011. Out of these about 11,949 lives were saved in 2011. According to an estimate provided by NHTSA, if all passenger vehicle occupants wore seat-belts an additional 3,384 would have been saved in 2011. Thus it is important to spread awareness about such accidents in the field of active safety research. This thesis looks at the driver\u27s seat-belt usage in Nevada for 2012 and also studies driver\u27s performance behind the wheel under various distractions and impairments on the driver. This has been primarily done to focus on the driver\u27s attitude towards road safety. By conducting a seat-belt usage survey across Nevada in the year 2012, we have captured seat-belt usage across gender, age groups, ethnicity, vehicle types, state of registration, road types and in different counties. This data was further provided to NHTSA to focus primarily on the areas with low seat-belt usage during the Click it or Ticket (CIOT) mobilization campaign. Another aspect of the research work was to study driver\u27s performance behind the wheel under various impairments and distractions induced on the driver. This study has been conducted in a laboratory environment to avoid any potential dangers to anyone associated with the study. A driver was provided with a cell phone to text and talk while driving on a driving simulator located at Transportation research Center (TRC). Moreover, to induce a similar effect as alcohol, a driver was provided with fatal vision goggles with varying Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) while the driver\u27s road performance was recorded on the simulator

Study of Driver’s Behavior Using Physiological Signals

Introduction According to National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) 58% of roadway crashes are safety related. Factors such as fatigue and drowsiness causes significance decline in driver’s abilities of perception, recognition and vehicle control. Exposes driver’s to a higher level of risk while driving with these conditions. Being awake for 18 hours is equivalent to a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08%

Bipolar hemiarthroplasty of hip joint: prospective randomised comparative study of direct anterior approach versus posterior approach

Background: The dilemma while treating cases with hemiarthroplasty is the surgical approach to be employed. The aim of present study is comparison of posterior approach and direct anterior approach with regards to various relevant outcomes and evaluate early surgical complications.Methods: In this randomized observational study conducted over 2 years, 20 patients each with intra-capsular neck femur fracture were enrolled as per predefined selection criteria and treated with hemiarthroplasty (bipolar) either by posterior approach or by direct anterior approach. Follow up was done for all the patients at regular intervals with standard post-operative protocol, including evaluation for surgical complications, active range of motion and assessment of Harris hip score.Results: Overall infection rate was 5% (two patients in posterior approach, no patient in direct anterior approach, the difference being statistically insignificant). No incidences of dislocation were reported in either group. Two patients of posterior approach had abductor weakness. Periprosthetic fracture and deep vein thrombosis were observed in one case each in posterior approach group. In posterior surgical group, excellent Harris hip score in 25% patients, good in 57.5% patients and fair in 17.5% patients were observed; while in direct anterior surgical group, excellent score was observed in 12.5% patients, good in 55% patients and fair in 32.5% patients.Conclusions: No major clinically or statistically significant differences were observed between for outcomes and complications between the two approaches. Larger randomized trials with bigger samples are recommended

Temporal View Synthesis of Dynamic Scenes through 3D Object Motion Estimation with Multi-Plane Images

The challenge of graphically rendering high frame-rate videos on low compute devices can be addressed through periodic prediction of future frames to enhance the user experience in virtual reality applications. This is studied through the problem of temporal view synthesis (TVS), where the goal is to predict the next frames of a video given the previous frames and the head poses of the previous and the next frames. In this work, we consider the TVS of dynamic scenes in which both the user and objects are moving. We design a framework that decouples the motion into user and object motion to effectively use the available user motion while predicting the next frames. We predict the motion of objects by isolating and estimating the 3D object motion in the past frames and then extrapolating it. We employ multi-plane images (MPI) as a 3D representation of the scenes and model the object motion as the 3D displacement between the corresponding points in the MPI representation. In order to handle the sparsity in MPIs while estimating the motion, we incorporate partial convolutions and masked correlation layers to estimate corresponding points. The predicted object motion is then integrated with the given user or camera motion to generate the next frame. Using a disocclusion infilling module, we synthesize the regions uncovered due to the camera and object motion. We develop a new synthetic dataset for TVS of dynamic scenes consisting of 800 videos at full HD resolution. We show through experiments on our dataset and the MPI Sintel dataset that our model outperforms all the competing methods in the literature.Comment: To appear in ISMAR 2022; Project website: https://nagabhushansn95.github.io/publications/2022/DeCOMPnet.htm