Spherical refractive correction with an electro-optical liquid lens in a double-pass system

In this study we show a novel double-pass configuration to correct the spherical refractive error by means of an electro-optical liquid lens.The proposed method enables spherical correction in the -12 D to +7 D range without movable parts using an electro-optical liquid lens.We have measured the optical performance of the spherical corrector in terms of power, pupil size and optical quality verifying that it fitsthe requirements to be applied to a double-pass system. We have also evaluated the performance of the proposed method in patients bycomparison with a conventional double-pass system using a Badal optometer