Growth performance, haematology and histopathology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Aloe barbadensis leaves

One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus

Growth performance, haematology and histopathology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed varying levels of Aloe barbadensis leaves

One hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2.33 ± 0.07 g) were fed with 40% crude protein diets containing three concentrations of Aloe barbadensis leaves-paste: ABL1, 1%; ABL2, 2%; ABL3, 3%, and control, 0% ad libitum twice daily for 12 weeks. Mean weight gain and percentage weight gain increased (P < 0.05) as concentration of A. barbadensis increased. Survival rate decreased as concentration of paste increased. Differences (P < 0.05) seen in packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC), thus highest in ABL3: PCV (36.67 ± 0.89%), Hb (12.37 ± 0.37 g dl–1) and RBC (3.47 ± 0.08×106 L–1) and lowest in control: PCV (22.0 ± 0.58%), Hb (7.37 ± 0.20 g dl–1) and RBC (2.07 ± 0.06 ×106 L–1). Liver histology of control fish was normal, while fatty degenerations were seen in the treated fish. The histology of fish kidney was normal in all treatments. The study concluded that 1% A. barbadensis leaves-paste could effectively improve growth performance, nutrient utilization and survival of cultured C. gariepinus

LETHAL EFFECTS OF 2,2-DICHLOROVINYL DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE (DDVP) ON FINGERLING AND JUVENILE Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)

This study investigated the lethal toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) on African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 7.02 ± 2.56 g) and juveniles (mean weight 13.54 ± 1.46 g) in a static renewable bioassay. DDVP, also known as Dichlorvos is an organophosphate pesticide. Each treatment in the lethal test was in triplicates with bioassay media concentrations (fingerlings: 0, 250, 275, 300, 325 µgL-1) and (juveniles: 0, 400, 450, 500, 600 µgL-1). Data on fish mortality as well as the physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, EC) of water were collected and subsequently subjected to a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate differences between means. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) were determined by probit analysis. The water quality parameters of the treatment tanks showed no significant difference with those of the control except for conductivity and pH. Behavioural responses in the fishes included erratic and uncoordinated swimming which were observed to be more pronounced in the juveniles. Bleached body was the only external change observed and this was more pronounced in the fingerlings. The 96-hr LC50 for fingerlings and juveniles were 275.2 and 492.0 µgL-1 respectively. The LT50 values for fingerlings were 48.10 and 7.77 hrs for concentrations 250 and 325 µgL-1 respectively; while those of juveniles were 25.54 and 5.34 hrs for 400 and 600 µgL-1 respectively. The results indicated that DDVP was 1.79 times more toxic to the fingerlings than the juveniles

LETALNO DJELOVANJE 2,2-DIKLOROVINIL DIMETIL FOSFATA (DDVP) NA MLAĐ I MLADUNCE VRSTE Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)

This study investigated the lethal toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) on African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 7.02 ± 2.56 g) and juveniles (mean weight 13.54 ± 1.46 g) in a static renewable bioassay. DDVP, also known as Dichlorvos is an organophosphate pesticide. Each treatment in the lethal test was in triplicates with bioassay media concentrations (fingerlings: 0, 250, 275, 300, 325 µgL-1) and (juveniles: 0, 400, 450, 500, 600 µgL-1). Data on fish mortality as well as the physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, EC) of water were collected and subsequently subjected to a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate differences between means. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) were determined by probit analysis. The water quality parameters of the treatment tanks showed no significant difference with those of the control except for conductivity and pH. Behavioural responses in the fishes included erratic and uncoordinated swimming which were observed to be more pronounced in the juveniles. Bleached body was the only external change observed and this was more pronounced in the fingerlings. The 96-hr LC50 for fingerlings and juveniles were 275.2 and 492.0 µgL-1 respectively. The LT50 values for fingerlings were 48.10 and 7.77 hrs for concentrations 250 and 325 µgL-1 respectively; while those of juveniles were 25.54 and 5.34 hrs for 400 and 600 µgL-1 respectively. The results indicated that DDVP was 1.79 times more toxic to the fingerlings than the juveniles.Ovim istraživanjem proučavano je letalno djelovanje 2,2-diklorovinil dimetil fosfata (DDVP) za mlađ (srednja masa 7,02 ± 2,56 g) i mladunce (srednja masa 13,54 ± 1,46 g) afričkog soma Clarias gariepinus u statičnoj obnovljivoj bioanalizi. DDVP (Dichlorvos) je organofosforni pesticid. Svaki tretman letalnog djelovanja vršio se u tri ponavljanja s testnim koncentracijama otopine (mlađ: 0, 250, 275, 300, 325 µgL-1) i (mladunci: 0, 400, 450, 500, 600 µgL-1). Prikupljani su podaci o smrtnosti ribe kao i fizikalno-kemijski parametri vode (temperatura, pH, otopljeni kisik i električna provodnost, EC) te se potom primjenjivala jednosmjerna analiza varijance (ANOVA) s 5% vjerojatnosti. Korišten je Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) kako bi se razdvojile razlike između srednjih vrijednosti. Srednja letalna koncentracija (LC50) i srednje vrijeme smrtnosti (LT50) određeni su probit analizom. Parametri kvalitete vode bazena nisu pokazivali značajnu razliku od kontrolnih, osim za provodljivost i pH. Ponašanje riba se očitovalo u nepravilnom i nekoordiniranom plivanju koje je bilo naglašenije kod mladunaca. Izbijeljeno tijelo je jedina uočena vanjska promjena, a bila je naglašenija kod mlađi. 96-satne vrijednosti LC50 za mlađ i mladunce iznosile su 275,2 µgL-1, odnosno 492,0 µgL-1. Vrijednosti LT50 za mlađ su bile 48,10 i 7,77 sati za koncentracije 250 µgL-1, odnosno 325 µgL-1; dok su za mladunce bile 25,54 i 5,34 sati za 400 µgL-1, odnosno 600 µgL-1. Rezultati su pokazali da je DDVP 1,79 puta više toksičan za mlađ nego za mladunce

LETALNO DJELOVANJE 2,2-DIKLOROVINIL DIMETIL FOSFATA (DDVP) NA MLAĐ I MLADUNCE VRSTE Clarias gariepinus (BURCHELL, 1822)

This study investigated the lethal toxicity of 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP) on African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 7.02 ± 2.56 g) and juveniles (mean weight 13.54 ± 1.46 g) in a static renewable bioassay. DDVP, also known as Dichlorvos is an organophosphate pesticide. Each treatment in the lethal test was in triplicates with bioassay media concentrations (fingerlings: 0, 250, 275, 300, 325 µgL-1) and (juveniles: 0, 400, 450, 500, 600 µgL-1). Data on fish mortality as well as the physico-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, EC) of water were collected and subsequently subjected to a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate differences between means. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and median lethal time (LT50) were determined by probit analysis. The water quality parameters of the treatment tanks showed no significant difference with those of the control except for conductivity and pH. Behavioural responses in the fishes included erratic and uncoordinated swimming which were observed to be more pronounced in the juveniles. Bleached body was the only external change observed and this was more pronounced in the fingerlings. The 96-hr LC50 for fingerlings and juveniles were 275.2 and 492.0 µgL-1 respectively. The LT50 values for fingerlings were 48.10 and 7.77 hrs for concentrations 250 and 325 µgL-1 respectively; while those of juveniles were 25.54 and 5.34 hrs for 400 and 600 µgL-1 respectively. The results indicated that DDVP was 1.79 times more toxic to the fingerlings than the juveniles.Ovim istraživanjem proučavano je letalno djelovanje 2,2-diklorovinil dimetil fosfata (DDVP) za mlađ (srednja masa 7,02 ± 2,56 g) i mladunce (srednja masa 13,54 ± 1,46 g) afričkog soma Clarias gariepinus u statičnoj obnovljivoj bioanalizi. DDVP (Dichlorvos) je organofosforni pesticid. Svaki tretman letalnog djelovanja vršio se u tri ponavljanja s testnim koncentracijama otopine (mlađ: 0, 250, 275, 300, 325 µgL-1) i (mladunci: 0, 400, 450, 500, 600 µgL-1). Prikupljani su podaci o smrtnosti ribe kao i fizikalno-kemijski parametri vode (temperatura, pH, otopljeni kisik i električna provodnost, EC) te se potom primjenjivala jednosmjerna analiza varijance (ANOVA) s 5% vjerojatnosti. Korišten je Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) kako bi se razdvojile razlike između srednjih vrijednosti. Srednja letalna koncentracija (LC50) i srednje vrijeme smrtnosti (LT50) određeni su probit analizom. Parametri kvalitete vode bazena nisu pokazivali značajnu razliku od kontrolnih, osim za provodljivost i pH. Ponašanje riba se očitovalo u nepravilnom i nekoordiniranom plivanju koje je bilo naglašenije kod mladunaca. Izbijeljeno tijelo je jedina uočena vanjska promjena, a bila je naglašenija kod mlađi. 96-satne vrijednosti LC50 za mlađ i mladunce iznosile su 275,2 µgL-1, odnosno 492,0 µgL-1. Vrijednosti LT50 za mlađ su bile 48,10 i 7,77 sati za koncentracije 250 µgL-1, odnosno 325 µgL-1; dok su za mladunce bile 25,54 i 5,34 sati za 400 µgL-1, odnosno 600 µgL-1. Rezultati su pokazali da je DDVP 1,79 puta više toksičan za mlađ nego za mladunce

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije

EVALUATION OF FERMENTED MANGO (Mangifera indica) SEED MEAL IN THE PRACTICAL DIET OF NILE TILAPIA, (Oreochromis niloticus) FINGERLINGS

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p<0.05) as dietary FMS increased, while carbohydrate digestibility gave an inverse relationship. Results obtained show that FMS could replace yellow maize at 50% level without affecting growth, nutrient utilization and apparent protein digestibility in diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings

UPOTREBA SJEMENA FERMENTIRANOG MANGA (Mangifera indica) U HRANIDBI MLAĐI TILAPIJE (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study evaluated the use of fermented mango (Mangifera indica) seed meal (FMS) to substitute yellow maize in the practical diet for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (4.76±0.32 g). Five iso-nitrogeneous (35% crude protein) and approximately iso-energetic (3400 ME Kcal/kg) dietsin which yellow maize was replaced by FMSat 0% (FMS0/Control diet), 25% (FMS25), 50% (FMS50), 75% (FMS75) and 100% (FMS100) levels were formulated. The fish were fed on the diets at 5% body weight for 84 days. Alkaloids were highest (2.32%) among the anti-nutritional factors analyzed in FMS, while oxalate (0.84%) was lowest. Potassium was highest (8.91 mg/g) among the minerals, while copper was lowest (0.01 mg/g). Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were similar (p>0.05) in fish fed diets FMS0 and FMS50. The fish fed diet FMS0 had the highest protein efficiency ratio (1.88). Protein digestibility decreased (p0,05). Oblik hranidbe riba FMS0 imao je najveći omjer djelotvornih bjelančevina (1,88). Probavljivost bjelančevina smanjila se povećanjem dijetetskog FMS-a, dok se probavljivost ugljikohidrata povećala. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju mogućnost zamjene žutog kukuruza sjemenom fermentiranog manga u hrandibi tilapija do 50% bez da taj oblik hranidbe utječe na rast, iskoristivost nutritivnih sastojaka i probavljivost bjelančevina prilikom hranidbe mlađi tilapije