Optimization of 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells is an emerging area of research but has been not explored yet in the context of periodontal tissue engineering. Objective: This study reports on the optimisation of the 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells for potential application in periodontal regeneration. Methods: We systematically investigated the printability of various concentrations of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel precursor using a microextrusion based three-dimensional (3D) printer. The influence of different printing parameters such as photoinitiator concentration, UV exposure, pressure and dispensing needle diameter on the viability of periodontal ligament cells encapsulated within the 3D bioprinted construct were subsequently assessed. Results: This systematic evaluation enabled the selection of the most suited printing conditions for achieving high printing resolution, dimensional stability and cell viability for 3D bioprinting of periodontal ligament cells. Significance: The optimised bioprinting system is the first step towards to the reproducible manufacturing of cell laden, space maintaining scaffolds for the treatment of periodontal lesions