Used cooking oil as a source for biodiesel blend

With the depleted world petroleum reserves and increase demand for oil as a fuel, it has become imperative to investigate the possibility of using non-fossil fuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Therefore, this paper describes the experimental investigation on possibility of producing biodiesel from used cooking oil and their properties, characteristics and performance as a blended biodiesel for diesel engine at constant speed. Properties analysis of biodiesel from used cooking oil in accordance to the ASTM D6751 specification showed that it fulfilled the requirements of a biodiesel fuel specification. Comparison also conducted between the ordinary diesel as a standard fuel and several set of blended biodiesel range from I% to 5% volume of biodiesel. The properties of blended biodiesel were not much different to the properties of conventional diesel fuel except the density and specific gravity. The density of diesel is 0.8358 gm/cc and the biodiesel is 0.8723 gm/cc. For blended biodiesel, it's slightly increased from 0.8363 gm/cc for I% to 0.8385 gm/cc for 5%. The results from Detroit Deisel Engine performance test showed that the blending fuel sample produced almost the same performance characteristics as compared to conventional diesel. As a result, blended biodiesel with used cooking oil is suitable to be used up to 5% as a fuel for diesel engine at constant speed and gives the same engine performances as conventional diesel fue

Model Kebijakan Penanggulangan Korupsi di Universitas Negeri YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dalam menanggulangi korupsi dan menemukan model kebijakan yang diinginkan Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta dalam menanggulangi korupsi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel penelitian ditentukan secara multy stage sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan angket, dokumen dan diperkuat dengan pengumpulan data melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan validasi instrumen melalui validitas isi (content validity). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penanggulangan korupsi di UNY tidak ada secara khusus dikeluarkan. Kebijakan yang ada mengikuti dan mempertahankan kebijakan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu dari Pemerintah. Model kebijakan penangggulangan korupsi di UNY yang digunakan adalah Model Rasional, yaitu kebijakan penanggulangan korupsi yang dikeluarkan merupakan aspirasi semua staf yang ada di unit kerja dan harus menekankan pada aspek efisiensi atas beban kerja pada unit kerja yang bersangkutan. Adapun kebijakan yang sudah ada yang berasal dari Pemerintah pusat dijadikan pedoman

The effect of jewellery and the human hand on SAR and antenna performance

This thesis investigates the effect of the human hand and metallic jewellery items worn on the human head and hand on SAR and on the antenna radiation patterns at 900 and 1900 MHz. The field excitation is provided by means of a A./4 monopole antenna on top of a metal box to emulate a simple handset. A planar inverted 'F' antenna (PIFA) is also used for comparison with the monopole. This thesis presents a detailed parametric study utilizing computer simulations via the Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) method and measurements from the DASY 4 SAR measurement system. Two different head and hand geometries are considered. Firstly a homogenous spherical head and block-hand were used in the simpler simulation, while the more realistic head and hand models were employed for the detailed study. The hand models include fingers which allow the metallic jewellery rings to be examined. The human hand has a significant effect on Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and on the antenna pattern due to energy absorption and possible reflection at the hand dielectric boundary. In addition, the effects of different sizes, orientation, and distance of the metallic loop-like jewellery items relative to the antenna have been investigated. The metallic rings worn on the hand tend to reduce the SAR and could also alter the antenna radiation performance. The wrist worn bangle has very little effect on the results at the frequencies tested due to its position that is relatively far away from the handset antenna. The earrings could significantly influence the SAR and the radiation patterns, but the effects varied depending on the earring's diameter, its position relative to the head, the frequency and the type of antenna in use. The effect of the combination of the hand, the earring and the finger ring only show minor difference on the SAR values and on the antenna radiation patterns. Measurements of the effects of the hand and metallic jewellery items on SAR were performed inside a Standard anthropomorphic model (SAM) head phantom. A novel liquid hand phantom with realistic fingers has been manufactured, which allow the effect of metallic ring to be further investigated. Measurement results support the simulation results

Keberkesanan penggunaan edubase dalam kalangan pelajar teknikal yang berbeza gaya kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor di Politeknik Malaysia

Bahan bantu pengajaran yang digunakan secara bersesuaian dengan pelajar menyumbang kepada perkembangan pembelajaran mereka. Dalam dunia pendidikan teknikal, aspek kognitif dan psikomotor turut memberi kesan kepada kualiti pembelajaran pelajar. Kajian ini membincangkan tentang kesan penggunaan EDUBASE terhadap pencapaian dan minat pelajar yang mempunyai gaya kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor yang berbeza dalam topik Electromagnetism. Seramai 70 orang pelajar politeknik yang terdiri daripada 33 pelajar kumpulan rawatan dan 37 pelajar kumpulan kawalan telah terlibat dalam kajian yang menggunakan kaedah kuasi-ekperimen ini. Ujian kognitif, psikomotor, ujian pra-pasca dan kaji selidik telah diagihkan untuk memantau kesan penggunaan EDUBASE terhadap pelajar. Dapatan kajian ini telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik MANCOVA, korelasi Pearson dan skor min. Hasil dapatan dalam kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa terdapat perbezaan yang tidak signifikan secara statistik bagi skor pelajar kumpulan kawalan dan kumpulan rawatan. Namun, skor min menunjukkan kumpulan rawatan memberikan skor yang lebih cemerlang dan minat mereka juga turut meningkat dalam topik pembelajaran tersebut berbanding pelajar yang mengaplikasikan pembelajaran secara konvensional. Selain itu, hasil dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan terhadap minat dan pencapaian. Di samping itu, EDUBASE yang diaplikasikan telah memenuhi keperluan dan minat pelajar. Secara ringkasnya, hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan EDUBASE sebagai alat bahan bantu mengajar dilihat berkesan dalam memberikan kecemerlangan pencapaian dan meningkatkan minat pelajar politeknik terhadap topik Electromagnetism

Textile Diamond Dipole and Artificial Magnetic Conductor Performance under Bending, Wetness and Specific Absorption Rate Measurements

Textile diamond dipole and Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) have been proposed and tested under wearable and body centric measurements. The proposed antenna and AMC sheet are entirely made of textiles for both the substrate and conducting parts, thus making it suitable for wearable communications. Directive radiation patterns with high gain are obtained with the proposed AMC sheet, hence minimizing the radiation towards the human body. In this study, wearable and body centric measurements are investigated which include bending, wetness and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Bending is found not to give significant effect to the antenna and AMC performance, as opposed to wetness that yields severe performance distortion. However, the original performance is retrieved once the antenna and AMC dried. Moreover, notable SAR reduction is achieved with the introduction of the AMC sheet, which is appropriate to reduce the radiation that penetrates into human flesh

A study on the effect of a metallic ring worn on human fingers using a simple scannable block hand phantom

A simple geometrical representation of a human hand has been constructed which allow a metallic ring to be placed on the finger. The electric field magnitude within an isolated finger is measured and compared with the cases when the ring is worn. The ring has been found to significantly alter the electric field magnitude within the finger at 1800 MHz. This effect can also be found within the adjacent fingers at both 900 MHz and 1800 MHz

A study on the effect of loop-like jewellery items worn on human hand on specific absorption rate (SAR) at 1900 MHz

Abstract: This paper presents simulation results that evaluate the effect of loop-like jewellery items (rings and bangles) worn on human fingers and wrist on SAR in the human head and the hand. The jewellery items were modelled as conducting objects with the typical commercial sizes available. Rings were placed on different fingers in a computer model for comparison purposes. The amount of energy absorbed in the head/hand and the effect brought about by the jewellery are shown to vary for different antennas. In this study, a monopole and a PIFA antenna have been employed. The results obtained indicated that: (i) by using a monopole antenna, the peak and average 1g SAR in the head are slightly decreased by the introduction of the ring and bangle, (ii) by using a PIFA, the peak and average 1g SAR in the head are increase by more than 12% and 11% respectively by the metallic rings