Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Emosi Pasien terhadap Kepuasan Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten

The purpose of the research is to develop and examine an empirical model, the main factor that influences the patient satisfaction and describes the relation among service, quality, the patient emotion, hope, involvement and the patient behaviour intention. Data had been collected used a questionnaire was given to 200 respondens at random during Mei 2011. From the result of questionnaire distribution, they got back 197 questionnaire and there were 193 questionnaite that can be applied due to 4 questionnaire which were not filled completely. Analysis this data using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research result is known that patient feels satisfied with the service quality given by the hospital. Because of that, the patient satisfaction will increase if service quality also increases

Sinergisme Heterorhabditis SP. Dengan Penyarungan Buah Dalam Mengendalikan Penggerek Buah Kakao Conopomorpha Cramerella

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK) Conopomorpha cramerella merupakan hama utama tanaman kakao di Indonesia. Pengendalian hama ini sulit karena larva berada di dalam buah. Pengendalian biologi dengan memanfaatkan nematoda patogen serangga Heterorhabditis sp. diharapkan mampu mengendalikan larva yang ada di dalam buah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan Heterorhabditis sp. yang dikombinasikan dengan penyarungan buah untuk mengendalikan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat dari bulan April sampai November 2012. Sebelum dilakukan pengujian, tingkat serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK di lokasi penelitian diamati terlebih dahulu. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK), ukuran buah muda yang diberi perlakuan dikelompokkan menjadi 2, yaitu: kelompok ukuran panjang 8-10 cm dan 11-15 cm, masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 pohon yang diambil secara acak, dan dari masing-masing pohon digunakan 2 buah muda dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah penyarungan dengan kantong plastik transparan ukuran 30 cm x 17 cm x 0,02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp. 500 juvenil infektif (JI/ml), kombinasi penyarungan dengan plastik dan Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, dan kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat panen. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat serangan PBK dan persentase buah terserang penyakit busuk buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyarungan buah dengan plastik yang dikombinasikan dengan Heterorhabditis sp. efektif menurunkan persentase serangan dan kerusakan biji akibat PBK sampai 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. bekerja sinergis dengan penyarungan buah dalam mengendalikan PBK. Pemanfaatan Heterorhabditis sp. harus dipadukan dengan penyarungan buah, untuk menghindari meningkatnya serangan penyakit busuk buah.Kata Kunci: Conopomorpha cramerella, kakao, Heterorhabditis sp., penyarunganCocoa pod borer (CPB) Conopomorpha cramerella is one of main pests on cocoa plantations in Indonesia. Controlling of this pest is very difficult because the larvae lives inside the pods. Biological control by using entomophatogen nematode Heterorhabditis sp. is a promising method being able to control the CPB larvae which are already inside cocoa pods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Heterorhabditis sp. combined with pod sleeving application on CPB infestation. The study was conducted in Mamuju, West Sulawesi from April to November 2012. Prior of this research revealed that infestation rate and the number of damaged cocoa beans caused by CPB in the research location were high. This research used a randomized block design (RBD). The young cocoa pods used were devided into two categories of length (8-10 cm and 11-15 cm) randomizely selected of ten plants each on which two young cocoa pods were used with three replications. The treatments tested were the use of pod sleeving with transparent plastic bag having size of 30 cm x 17 cm x 0.02 mm, Heterorhabditis sp 500 JI/ml, combined pod sleeving with Heterorhabditis sp. 500 JI/ml, and the control. Each treatment was applied to the 20 cocoa pods and replicated 3 times. The observations were made at the time of harvest. The parameters observed were the percentage of CPB infestations, the number of damaged beans caused by CPB and the percentage of cocoa pods infected by pod rot disease. The results showed that the use of pod sleeving combined with Heterorhabditis sp. effectively reduced the level of CPB infestations and the number of damaged beans caused by CPB to 90%. Heterorhabditis sp. works sinergically with pod sleeving in controlling of CPB. The application of Heterorhabditis sp. alone can increase the pod rot disease infections. Therefore, its application on the cocoa plantations should be integrated with the pod sleeving

Infektifitas Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Senpv) Yang Diperkaya Dengan Bahan Pengaktif Terhadap Larva Spodoptera Exigua Huebner [the Infectivity of Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Senpv) Enriched with the Enhancer to the Spodoptera Exigua Huebner Larvae]

Spodoptera exigua Huebner nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an entomophathogenic virus of onion caterpillar S. exigua larvae commonly used as bioinsecticide. The major limitations of SeNPV for biocontrol of onion caterpillar is it requires long time for the virus to kill the insect host. This research was aimed to find out the material as phagostimulant to increase the infectivity of SeNPV and to determine the optimum boric acid concentration as an enhancer for SeNPV activities. This research was conducted at laboratory using Cipanas isolate of SeNPV and third instar of S. exigua larvae. Phagostimulant used are 5% ofsucrose, soybean sauces, molases, sugar and turmeric filtrate,and the enhancers used are 0,1%, 1%, 5% and 10% concentration of boric acid. This result indicated that soybean sauces and sucrose increased S. exigua consumption and enhanced the infectivity of SeNPV. When mixed with polyhedra of SeNPV, 1% to 5% sucrose significantly increased S. exigua consumption and increased the infectivity of SeNPV, while 10% sucrose tended to decrease the feeding of S. exigua. Boric acid enhanced the infectivity of SeNPV. However, the increase of boric acid concentration should be restricted maximum at 5% for avoiding the negative impacts on the environment

Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Formula Insektisida Nabati Untuk Melindungi Buah Kakao Dari Serangan Penggerek

Penggunaan insektisida sintetik yang terus menerus untuk mengendalikan penggerek buah kakao (PBK) dapat merusak keseimbangan ekosistem di perkebunan kakao. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan cara pengendalian yang relatif aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan, yaitu menggunakan insektisida nabati. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji keefektifan formula insektisida nabati berbahan dasar ekstrak daun bandotan-metanol, bawang putih-etanol, dan kemiri sunan untuk melindungi buah kakao dari infestasi PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2013. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah bandotan-metanol+serai wangi (BMS), bandotan-metanol+minyak cengkeh (BMC), bandotan-metanol+bawang putih-etanol (BMP), bawang putih-etanol+serai wangi (PES), bawang putih-etanol+minyak cengkeh (PEC), kemiri sunan+bawang putih-etanol (KSP), kemiri sunan+bandotan-metanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Formula dibuat di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar (Balittri) Sukabumi, dan pengujiannya dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT. Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Perlakuan disusun dalam unit-unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari 16 pohon (4 x 4 pohon) dan diulang tiga kali. Pada setiap plot dipilih 30 buah kakao sehat berukuran 6-10 cm. Konsentrasi formula 5% dan 10% dengan volume larutan 250 ml/pohon disemprotkan ke seluruh permukaan buah dan cabang-cabang horizontal, dengan interval 2 minggu sekali sebanyak 6 kali. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tingkat serangan PBK dan kerusakan buah yang dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula KSB (kemiri sunan 25% + bandotan 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menghasilkan nilai persentase serangan PBK terendah, sedangkan formula BMP (bandotan 5% + bawang putih 5%) pada konsentrasi 10 ml/l menyebabkan intensitas serangan PBK dan kehilangan hasil terendah.Kata kunci: Insektisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, formulaThe use of synthetic insecticide continuously to control the cocoa pod borer (CPB) can cause serious damage to the ecosystem balance in the cocoa plantations. Therefore, a control measures that are relatively safe for humans and the environment, such as the use of botanical insecticide are needed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of plant-based insecticide from leaves goat weed-methanol and garlic-ethanol extract, and phillipine tung oil formula to protect cocoa pods from CPB infestation. The study was conducted from January to December 2013. The test materials used were goat weed-methanol+citronella (BMS), goat weed-methanol+clove oil (BMC), goat weed-methanol+garlic-ethanol (BMP), garlic-ethanol+citronella (PES), garlic-ethanol+clove oil (PEC), phillipine tung oil+garlic-ethanol (KSP), phillipine tung oil+goat weed-methanol (KSB), α-eleostearic acid (negative control), and water (positive control). All of the formulas were made in the Plant Protection Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverages Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI) Sukabumi, whereas the field testing was conducted in cocoa plantations of PT Bumiloka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Each experimental plot consisted of a 4x4 trees, repeated 3 times. In each plot selected 30 healthy cocoa pods measuring 6-10 cm in length. Distance between plots was 2 arrays of trees. Formulas concentration were 5% and 10%, which then sprayed onto the entire surface of the pods and horizontal branches using a knapsack sprayer, 6 times at intervals of 2 weeks. Solution volume was 250 ml / tree. Observations were made on the level of CPB infestation and pod damage harvested. The results showed that the lowest percentage of CPB infestation was on KSB 10 (philippine tung oil 25% + goat weed 5%), whereas the lowest percentage of intensity and yields loss were on BMP 10 (goat weed 5% + garlic 5%)

Uji Patologi Spodoptera Exigua Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) Pada Larva Spodoptera Exigua Huebner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an entomophathogenic virus of S. exigua larvae commonly usedas bioinsecticide. This research was aimed to 1) study the symptoms of SeNPV infection on the S. exigua larvae inthe laboratory, 2) examine the virulence of SeNPV on the 3rd instar of S. exigua larvae and (3) find out the optimalconcentration of polyhedra and harvesting time. The infection of SeNPV on the S. exigua larvae was inhibitedmolting process and disturbing larval growth. The color of infected larvae gradually changed become more dark,and at the end of infection, larvae died with fragile and broken integument. Infected larvae showed reduction infeeding activities. The LC50 of SeNPV on 3rd instar larvae in the laboratory was estimated 6.65 x 105 POBs/ml.The polyhedra concentration used for virus propagation was 5.88 x 106 POBs/ml. The optimal harvesting time was5 days after inoculation, where most of the infected larvae had died but the body still intact

Effect of Endopytic Bionematicide Bacillus SP. on the Infection of Meloidogyne SP. of Coffee Plant

Meloidogyne sp. is an important pathogen of coffee plant. Bacillus sp. is commonly used to control the nematode as it is environmentally friendly. The study aimed to determine the effect of endophytic bacteria Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in the molasses, talc or compost on the infection of Meloidogyne sp. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse of the Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute, Sukabumi from December 2013 to May 2014. The experimental design was a completely randomized, 6 treatments and 10 replications of six months-old coffee plants. Six treatments were tested (Bacillus sp. PG76 formulated in molasses, compost, or talc; carbofuran; plant inoculated with the nematode only, and plant neither treated with the formula nor the nematode). Population of Bacillus sp. PG76 in each formula was 109 cfu/ml. Number of formulas applied per plant was 100 ml of molasses, 100 g of talc, or 100 g of compost. One week after the treatments, the plants were inoculated with 500 larvae-2 Meloidogyne sp. Parameters observed were the number of gall, nematode population in the roots and soil, and the coffee plant growth. The results showed that all the treatments (molasses, compost, and talc) suppressed the population of Meloidogyne sp. The best formulas were molasses and compost that reduced the nematode infection up to 74.0% and 73.2%, respectively, similar to that of carbofuran (i.e. 73.3%). Furthermore, application of the formulas increased coffee plant growth. The study suggests that Bacillus sp. PG76 formulation is prospective to control the nematode

Evaluasi Kualitas Fisik dan Nonfisik pada Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (Rptra) (Studi Kasus : Rptra Griya Tipar Cakung Jakarta Timur)

RPTRA berdiri sebagai Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak yang merupakan “Ruang Terbuka Hijau” yang desain dengan konsep ramah anak yang modern dan didukung oleh berbagai fasilitas didalamnya. Banyak RPTRA yang sudah dibangun di Jakarta sejak 1 tahun terakhir yang merupakan salah satu program dari Gubernur Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. Beberapa dari RPTRA dibangun pada tempat yang memiliki kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi dan berada di kawasan-kawasan kumuh. Namun pada saat proses desain dari RPTRA masih kurangnya memperhatikan aspek-aspek penting dalam pembangunannya, karena dapat dilihat dari PERGUB yang mengatur tentang RPTRA hanya berisikan daftar fasilitas saja tanpa adanya ketentuan-ketentuan yang jelas mengenai aspek keselamatan, keamanan, kesehatan, kenayaman, daya tarik dan aksesibilitas dalam membangun sebuah RPTRA. Oleh karena itu, sebagai fasilitas publik baru yang didedikasikan untuk anak-anak yang dapat digunakan sebagai taman bermain maka diperlukan evaluasi mengenai Aspek Keselamatan, Keamanan, Kesehatan, Kenyamanan, Daya Tarik dan Aksesibilitas menggunakan beberapa teori terdahulu dan peraturan-peraturan terkait regulasi pekerjaan umum sebagai standar indikator pengukuran evaluasi. Metode yang digunakan pada pengambilan data adalah pendekatan campuran antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif kemudian dalam mempresentasikan hasil data dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengamatan langsung dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, kuesioner, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari evaluasi ini didapatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara hasil observasi yang menggunakan standar aspek teknis dengan hasil dari kuesioner mengenai persepsi orang tua terhadap pengunaan RPTRA. Perbedaan tersebut mengidikasi bahwa standar yang digunakan pada poin observasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan persepsi dari orang tua. Penelitian ini mereview desain kontrol sebuah taman bermain dan evaluasi dari sebuah fasilitas publik yang didedikasikan untuk anak-anak di Jakarta Timur, Indonesia

Peranan Ekstrak Babadotan dan Bawang Putih Serta Minyak Kemiri Sunan terhadap Serangan Penggerek Buah Kakao

Penggerek buah kakao (PBK), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), merupakan hama penting pada tanaman kakao yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil secara kualitas dan kuantitas. Salah satu USAha pengendalian PBK adalah menggunakan pestisida nabati karena bersifat ramah lingkungan dan tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh daun babadotan dan umbi bawang putih yang dilarutkan dengan air, etanol, metanol, dan heksan, serta minyak kemiri sunan [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] dalam melindungi buah kakao dari serangan PBK. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari-Desember 2012, bahan uji yang digunakan adalah babadotan-air (BA), babadotan-etanol (BE), babadotan-metanol (BM), babadotan-heksan (BH), bawang putih-air (PA), bawang putih-etanol (PE), bawang putih-metanol (PM), bawang putih-heksan (PH), minyak kemiri sunan (KS), pestisida kimia berbahan aktif λ-sihalotrin (kontrol negatif), dan air (kontrol positif). Pembuatan ekstrak bahan uji dilakukan di Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar, Sukabumi, dan pengujian ekstrak dilakukan di perkebunan kakao PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Buah kakao berukuran sekitar 9 cm disemprot secara merata dengan masing-masing bahan uji telah dilarutkan dengan air hingga konsentrasi 1%. Penyemprotan dilakukan setiap bulan sebanyak 2 kali penyemprotan. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) 6 ulangan, setiap petak percobaan digunakan 10 buah kakao. Persentase buah yang terserang PBK dan tingkat kehilangan hasil diamati saat buah dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyemprotan ekstrak PE konsentrasi 1% sebanyak dua kali dengan interval sebulan sekali dapat menurunkan kehilangan hasil sebesar 58,40% dengan nilai efikasi 63,01%. Dengan demikian ekstrak ini dapat dipakai sebagai salah satu bahan formula nabati untuk mengendalikan PBK.Kata Kunci: Pestisida nabati, penggerek buah kakao, bawang putih, babadotan, kemiri sunanCocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella Snell. (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), is an important pest of cocoa which can cause reduction in yield quality and quantity. One attempt of CPB control is application of botanical pesticides because it more friendly to environment and harmless to human health. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of goat-weed leaves and garlic bulbs dissolved in water, ethanol, methanol, and hexane, respectively, as well as philippine tung [Reutalis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] oil in protecting of cocoa pod from CPB infestation. The research was conducted in January-December 2012 using test materials of goat weed-water (BA), goat weed-ethanol (BE), goat weed-methanol (BM), goat weed-hexane (BH), garlic-water (PA), garlic-ethanol (PE), garlic-methanol (PM), garlic-hexane (PH), philippine tung oil (KS), chemical pesticide containing active ingredient of λ-sihalothrine (negative control), and water (positive control). Extracts of the test materials were made in the Laboratory Plant Protection, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute. Meanwhile, field trial was conducted in the cocoa plantations of PT Bumi Loka Swakarya, Sukabumi. Cocoa pods measuring 9 cm was sprayed evenly with each of the test materials diluted in water to obtain a concentration of 1%. Spraying is done every month as much as 2 times spraying. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with 6 replications, and each plots consist of 10 cocoa pods observed. The percentage of CPB-infested pods and yield loss rate observed when the pods were harvested. The results showed that spraying in concentration 1% of PE extract twice with an interval of once a month can reduce yield loss up to 58,40% with a value efficacy of 63.01%. Thus, this extract can be used as an ingredient of botanical pesticide formula to control CPB