Recent Development of Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Photocatalyst for Environmental Pollution Remediation

Globalization today has helped fuel the global socioeconomic growth of the world and reshaping the growth of the industries. While the development had been remarkable, the rapid rise of industrialization had provoked the sustainable chain of diversity which is reflected by rising pollution level, particularly on the water pollution. On account of the cutting edge of water security issue, engineering photocatalytic material remains crucial in finding new ways to combat the challenge of water pollution through photocatalytic pollutants degradation while at the same time acts as the frontlines for energy conversion and environmental protection. To date, graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4 had emerged as a promising material of interest in photocatalytic application due to its appealing characteristics such as excellent optical properties and high physiochemical and thermal stability. This chapter will comprehensively discuss an insight into the most recent progress in synthesis, properties and the photocatalytic application of g-C3N4, particularly in environmental pollution remediation. Special emphasis is also placed on the most recent strategies for enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Finally, the future directions and perspectives will be presented

Effect of gold and iron nanoparticles on photocatalytic behaviour of titanium dioxide towards 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The high water solubility, chemical stability and low volatility of ionic liquids (ILs) have made them potentially persistent than conventional pollutants and toxic to the aquatic organisms. Therefore, extensive research efforts are being directed with an aim to develop cheap and efficient protocols to reduce the uncontrolled release of ILs in the environment. In the same line of action, titanium dioxide (TiO2) loaded with gold and iron nanoparticles were trialled for the photocatalytic degradation of highly concentrated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BmimCl] ionic liquid. Furthermore, results pertaining to the degradation of the [BmimCl] using TiO2 loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were compared with results obtained by using TiO2 loaded with Fe (NO3)3.9H2O and pristine TiO2 under same set of conditions. It was found that TiO2 decorated AuNPs demonstrated 7 times higher photocatalytic degradation for highly concentrated [BmimCl] in 60 min of reaction time in comparison to the pristine TiO2. Congruently, investigations also revealed that TiO2 loaded AuNPs expressed 3.3 times higher photocatalytic degradation of [BmimCl] in comparison to conventional photocatalyst TiO2@Fe under same reaction conditions. The higher photocatalytic performance associated with TiO2 loaded AuNPs was due to the enhanced Schottky barrier, which could have minimized the photocharge carrier resistance separation and migration. The mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of [BmimCl] using TiO2 loaded AuNPs has been also been described

MODIFIED TERNARY BISMUTH VANADATE-BASED PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR PHOTOELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN STUDY

Photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen reaction has been regarded as a judicious strategy for mitigating environmental-energy security issue

Current Scenario of MXene-Based Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation: A Review

Rapid urban and industrial sectors generate massive amounts of wastewater, creating severe ecological disruption and harming living organisms. The number of harmful pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, antibiotics, phenolic compounds, and volatile and several organic chemicals discharged into aquatic systems varies depending on the effluent composition of various sectors. MXene-based composites with unique characteristics were spotlighted as newly developed nanomaterials specifically for environmental-related applications. Therefore, this review broadly discusses the properties, basic principles of MXene, and synthesis routes for developing different MXene-based nanomaterials. The most current strategies on the energy and environmental applications of MXene-based nanomaterials, particularly in photocatalysis, adsorption, and water splitting, were deeply explored for the remediation of different pollutants and hydrogen (H2) evolution from wastewater. The detailed mechanism for H2 evolution and the remediation of industrial pollutants via photocatalysis and adsorption processes was elaborated. The multi-roles of MXene-based nanomaterials with their regeneration possibilities were emphasized. Several essential aspects, including the economic, toxicity and ecological power of MXene-based nanomaterials, were also discussed regarding their opportunity for industrialization. Finally, the perspectives and challenges behind newly developed MXene and MXene-based nanomaterials for environmental pollution were reviewed

Current Scenario of MXene-Based Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation: A Review

Rapid urban and industrial sectors generate massive amounts of wastewater, creating severe ecological disruption and harming living organisms. The number of harmful pollutants such as dyes, heavy metals, antibiotics, phenolic compounds, and volatile and several organic chemicals discharged into aquatic systems varies depending on the effluent composition of various sectors. MXene-based composites with unique characteristics were spotlighted as newly developed nanomaterials specifically for environmental-related applications. Therefore, this review broadly discusses the properties, basic principles of MXene, and synthesis routes for developing different MXene-based nanomaterials. The most current strategies on the energy and environmental applications of MXene-based nanomaterials, particularly in photocatalysis, adsorption, and water splitting, were deeply explored for the remediation of different pollutants and hydrogen (H2) evolution from wastewater. The detailed mechanism for H2 evolution and the remediation of industrial pollutants via photocatalysis and adsorption processes was elaborated. The multi-roles of MXene-based nanomaterials with their regeneration possibilities were emphasized. Several essential aspects, including the economic, toxicity and ecological power of MXene-based nanomaterials, were also discussed regarding their opportunity for industrialization. Finally, the perspectives and challenges behind newly developed MXene and MXene-based nanomaterials for environmental pollution were reviewed

Effect of MXene Loaded on g-C₃N₄ Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Photocatalytic degradation is one of the environmentally friendly methods used in treating dye wastewater. In this study, a series of MXene/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalysts with different loading amounts of MXene (1, 4, 8, and 12 wt.%) were successfully synthesized via the wet impregnation method and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation. As such, the 1 wt.% MXene/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalyst achieved a high degradation of methylene blue compared to the pure g-C3N4 under visible-light illumination of 180 min. This significant improvement was attributed to the intimate interfacial contact, evidently from the FESEM analysis, which allows the smooth photocharge carriers to transport between g-C3N4 and MXene. Additionally, the larger BET surface area demonstrated by the 1 wt.% MXene/g-C3N4 heterostructure allowed this sample to have higher adsorption of dye molecules and provided a higher number of reactive sites, which was beneficial for the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity. Nevertheless, it was found that the excessive loading of MXene can substantially impede photocatalytic activity. This was attributed to the decrease in the active sites, as well as the weakened crystallinity of the MXene/g-C3N4 heterostructure photocatalyst, evident from the FTIR and XRD analysis. All in all, this study has shown the potential of the MXene/g-C3N4 photocatalyst as a promising photocatalyst for highly efficient wastewater treatment applications